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動詞と時の
2
5
-完了形(1)
Lesson 3
参 pp.76~86
現在完了形 < have [has] + 過去分詞〉: 過去に起こったことを、 現在の視点で表す表現。
01 動作の完了 結果: 「(ちょうど今)~したところだ, 〜してしまった(今・・・だ)」
2. My mother has gone to Sapporo, so she isn't home now.
A79
1. I have already packed my bag. I'm ready to go anytime.30
19
EXERCISES
My mother has gone
to Sapporo.
過去
現在
「今どうであるか」に
焦点を置いた表現であ
ることに注意しよう。
1) I really love this movie. I (
2) What's Mai's brother like?
1 Make sentences from the words in brackets.
例) I can't find my bike key. I (lose / it). I (have lost it).
1) We (miss / the bus). We'll have to walk.
2) Are you hungry? - No, I (just/ have/lunch).
3) (Paul / arrive/yet)? No, were still waiting for him.
I already/buy/it).
4) Don't forget to buy milk.
5) Is this book interesting?
I don't know. I (not/read/it/yet).
Fill in the blanks. Use the verbs in the brackets.
)(
I have no idea. I (
(1-1)
(▶1-2, 3)
) it three times. [see]
) never (
) him. [meet]
3) My parents have (
) married for 20 years. [be]
よく使われる副詞: just already, now, yet ( [否定文でまだ (~していない), [疑問文で] もう(~したか))
4) Have you (T )(
1-2 経験: 「(今までに)~したことがある」
03. I've visited Kiyomizu-dera three times.
*p.80
40
Have you ever seen the sunrise over Mt. Fuji? - No. I've never seen it.
注意 have been to: 「~に行ったことがある」 〈経験〉 / 「〜に行ってきたところだ」〈完了〉
よく使われる副詞 (旬) before, ever(今までに,かつて), never (一度も~ない), once (1度) twice (2度),
three [four, ...] times (3 [4]度), sometimes, often, many times (何度も)
Aya has just been to Paris.
〈完了 >
Aya has been to Paris once before. <経験〉
*時を表す副詞(句) などで意味を判断する。
続
. 82
4. I have known Kenta since I was a child.
● 5. How long has he lived in Kyoto? (He has lived in Kyoto) For five years.
6. You have been playing video games for three hours. Why don't you stop it?
41
42
43
5) The sun has
) to Leo? Yes, several times. He's a funny person. [talk]
) since this morning. [shine]
③ Correct the underlined parts if necessary. Draw a circle "O" if it's correct.
1) Is your bag new? No, I have it for a year.
2) Emma and I are good friends. We know each other very well.
3) My father travels a lot. He has visited many countries.
4) Is Ren still studying in his room? Yes. He is studying for more than two hours.
5) Have you seen Jill lately? Oh, yes. I have seen her three days ago.
Put the Japanese sentences into English. tio mo bad dy a
1) カイトはどこにいるの?ここにいないよ。 たった今出かけたの。
Where's Kaito? He isn't here. He
2) 先週, ネットで何冊か本を買ったが, まだ届いていない。
some books online last week, but they
3) 佐々木先生はこの学校で教えて8年になります。
4) 私はよくカラオケで歌いますが、 英語の歌は歌ったことがありません。
5) 今朝起きたときからずっと頭が痛い。
(arrive)
(sing karaoke)
(have a headache)
4.5.状態の継続:「(今まで)ずっと~である」 live know などの状態動詞 (→Lesson 3)を使う。
よく使われる副詞(句): for (+期間> (~の間) since <+過去の一時点〉 (以来, 〜から),
How long ~? どれくらいの間~か), always (ずっと), etc.
since:「~以来、~から(今まで)」 過去の起点を表す。 前置詞 接続詞 副詞の用法がある。
注意 for: 「~の間」 過去のある時点から現在までの期間を表す。
6. 動作の継続(現在完了進行形) (have [has] been doing〉:「(今まで) ずっと~している」
playのような動作動詞 (→Lesson 3)を使う。
how gaining i
「~して・・・年になる」を表すいろいろな形 どういうときに完了形を使うのか(p.841
T.f. W p.85 T.f.E)
現在完了形は、過去とつながりのある現在の状況を表す表現なので、 過去のある時点を明らかに表す表現といっ
に使うことはできない。
過去を表す副詞 (節): yesterday, last night [week] ~ ago, in 2020, then (その
in those days (当時), when+S+V, When/What time ~?etc.
Give It a Try
され
A Complete the sentences.
1)
2)
3) Have you finished your book report*?
Well, I've read the book, but I
Write about yourself.
to Okinawa? Yes, once. I want to visit it again.
Meg?
I have known her for ten years.
book report 「読書感想文」
the report yet.
1) I have never
2) I have been
