写真 2枚目の３パラグラフ目の棒線部についてです。 和訳と照らし合わせたところ、 吐く　 というのが cought upの意味だと思い、調べてみましたが、出ませんでした 。そのような意味はcought upにあるんでしょうか？

erlode aids (0 英文を読み、下記の問いに答えなさい。 For most prey, ( 14 ) is over once they've been swallowed. But one species of beetle can escape from a toad's stomach nearly two hours after being eaten, according to a new study. Found in wooded areas on nearly every continent, bombardier beetles - a group that consists of more than 500 species - get their name from their signature defense mechanism: When threatened, they shoot a hot chemical spray from their rear end. In Japan, the insects have long been known as "the farting bug." Toads have been observed vomiting bombardier beetles after eating them, but no one knew exactly why, or ( 15 ) the beetles survived after their brush with digestion. あわや? bine To better understand the beetle's defenses, two biologists from Kobe University fed a species of bombardier beetle to two different species of toad collected from forests in central Japan. One toad species shared its natural habitat with that particular species of beetle, while the other was unlikely to encounter it in the wild. (16) After the beetles were swallowed, a small explosion could be heard inside each toad, indicating that the insects were firing their defenses. Overall, 43 percent of the toads vomited the beetles, taking anywhere

写真1枚目の 3 パラグラフめについてです。 棒線部のところの和訳が、 その甲虫が あわや消化されそうになった と書いてありますが、どこからあわやという表現が出たのか 、そして該当する英文中のbrush とらなんのことなんでしょうか？

英文を読み, 下記の問いに答えなさい。 For most prey, ( 14 ) is over once they've been swallowed. But one species of beetle can escape from a toad's stomach nearly two hours after being eaten, according to a new study. Found in wooded areas on nearly every continent, bombardier beetles - a group that consists of more than 500 species- get their name from their signature defense mechanism: When threatened, they shoot a hot chemical spray from their rear end. In Japan, the insects have long been known as "the farting bug." Toads have been observed vomiting bombardier beetles after eating them, but no one knew exactly why, or ( 15 ) the beetles survived after their brush with digestion. ? To better understand the beetle's defenses, two biologists from Kobe University fed a species of bombardier beetle to two different species of toad collected from forests in central Japan. One toad species shared its natural habitat with that particular species of beetle, while the other was unlikely to encounter it in the wild. (16) After the beetles were swallowed, a small explosion could be heard inside each toad, indicating that the insects were firing their defenses. Overall, 43 percent of the toads vomited the beetles, taking anywhere

写真 2枚目の 英文のshooting apart は、jetのことなんでしょうか？ 日本語訳は写真の枚数的に後半しか写せませんでした。ちなみに疑問点の和訳は赤で線を引いているところです。

Ⅱ 英文を読み、下記の問いに答えなさい。 (7) Like a tiny submarine, the chambered nautilus speeds through the ocean on little jets that it creates by sucking in water and spitting it out. However, as ways of movement go, jet propulsion is not usually a (8) very good use of energy. In the ocean's depths where oxygen gets thin, the nautilus seems to be putting itself at risk by expending so much effort on movement. Fish use far less energy by pushing at the water with their fins. So how does it manage to jet around unscathed in the ocean's depths? Graham Askew, a biomechanics professor at the University of Leeds, set out with a graduate student, Thomas Neil, to understand better how this shellfish moves. They found that the nautilus is actually a (9) highly efficient jet-propelled creature, wasting much less energy than

写真３枚目の問題についてなんですけど、解説を見てもなんで答えが２番かわかりません。 にばんの、 酸素濃度が濃くが、薄く、なら答えになると思うんですが、、

を読み,下記の問いに答えなさい。 ONA-based A coursing und and (7) Like a tiny submarine, the chambered nautilus speeds through the little jets that it creates by sucking in water and spitting it ocean on out. However, as ways of movement go, jet propulsion is not usually a very good use of energy. In the ocean's depths where oxygen gets thin, the nautilus seems to be putting itself at risk by expending so much effort on movement. Fish use far less energy by pushing at the water with their fins. So how does it manage to jet around unscathed in the ocean's depths? Graham Askew, a biomechanics professor at the University of Leeds, set out with a graduate student, Thomas Neil, to understand better how this shellfish moves. They found that the nautilus is actually a highly efficient jet-propelled creature, wasting much less energy than (9)

2段落目の2行目についてです。 和訳を見たところ、ミカル シュワルツの研究に基づいて設立された、とあります。 ここで、"基づいて "は英文中のfound onのことなんでしょうか？

11 脊髄再生医療 英文] 11 It was a miracle of almost biblical proportions. In 1998, scientists in Israel revealed that rats whose spinal cords had been severed had called walked again after an injection of healing immune cells macrophages. Their hopes buoyed by enthusiastic media coverage, = paralysed patients began to dream of taking their own tentative steps. 12 Five years on, the status of those dreams remains unclear. Proneuron Biotechnologies, a Los Angeles-based company founded on the back of the research of lead investigator Michal Schwartz at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, is expected soon to release the results of an initial trial of the procedure on eight patients with spinal injuries. Media reports have indicated that some patients have recovered some feeling and movement, but many researchers do not expect a repeat of the rodent miracle. Indeed, they claim that at least one group has since tried, and failed, to reproduce Schwartz's original animal results.

The old conception of national character based on biological differences he long been exploded; but differences of national character ari... 続きを読む

最後の方に、 嚢胞繊維症の遺伝子を欠いたマウスを作った とあり、そのあと、 人間の病気を模すために とかいてありますが、 なぜ嚢胞繊維症患者のためにわざとそれを欠いたマウスを作るんですが？あまりうまく想像できません。 癌に例えるなら、悪性のがん細胞を持ってないマウスをわざと... 続きを読む

握り Evans's lab learning the techriology. // へと競う Every biologist soon wanted a favorite genpunched out, and a Chandful of companies quickly began competing with places such as the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine, to provide knockout strains Have knocked out at least 11,000 genes in mice, observing what goes wrong to drug companies and academic labs. To date researches 77 生中 今日に至るきび in 70 development or adulthood and thereby gaining a sense of what the gene does/ By deactivating specific genes this way, for example, Capecchi and his colleagues went on to identify ones that shape limbs, organs, and the overall mammalian body plan/ Both Smithies and Evans /developed mice lacking the cystic fibrosis gen one of many kneekoat gene mouse 75 strains oreated to mimic a human illness/ Indeed, there is now a worldwide effort to knock out every mouse gene. 成熟期 (Science, October 12, 2007 より引用 一部改変) 筑波大) * in fact : 実は,それどころか cystic fibrosis:嚢胞性線維症 人間の病気を模すために

写真三枚目の波線部についてです。 本来与えられた正常に機能する遺伝子 とかいてありますが、本来、のニュアンスとはどこからきているんですか？

hi 56 18 Capecchi and Smithies both quickly saw that ES cells offered an opportunity to generate live animals with a desired mutation in every cell. Researchers could target genes in ES cells and then sort out the

1.3.4の答えとなぜそうなるのか教えて欲しいです🙇‍♀️

2 誤っている(または不要な) 箇所を選びなさい。 (1) Studies JJ & TERMS ies ✓ show that people who keep pets live longer than that who don't. (2) The new art museum will locate (西南学院大・改) ✓✓locate on a hill _ near the city of Plymouth, a popular tourist destination for Europeans. (京都外国語大改)

答えは4ですが、なぜ2ではダメなのでしょうか？今頃配達されているはずだ、とならない理由を教えて下さい。

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