この文について、まず冒頭部の、パンチして潰したがる、の意味がわかりません。それと74行目の（英文の）和訳が、多様な系統、となっているんですが、これは、様々な、でもいいんですか？

659 Every biologist soon wanted a favorite gene punched out, and a handful of companies quickly began competing with places such as the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine, to provide knockout strains to drug companies and academic labs/To date, researchers have knocked out at least 11,000 genes in mice, observing what goes wrong in 70 development or adulthood and thereby gaining a sense of what the gene does. By deactivating specific genes this way, for example, Capecchi and his colleagues went on to identify ones that shape limbs, organs, and the overall mammalian body plan. Both Smithies and Evans developed mice lacking the cystic fibrosis gene one of many knockout mouse 75 strains created to mimic a human illness. Indeed, there is now a worldwide effort to knock out every mouse gene. (Science, October 12, 2007 より引用 一部改変) (筑波大・後期) *in fact : 実は、それどころか cystic fibrosis: 嚢胞性線維症 を作 E

写真２枚目の下線部の訳があんまり理解できません。訳は３枚目にあるんですが、まず、調べてもcopiesの意味がわからなかったです（おそらく遺伝子？）。 それと、正常に、というニュアンスはworkingから来ているんでしょうか？

55 genes in an their issues. 18 Capecchi and Smithies both quickly saw that ES cells offered an opportunity to generate live animals with a desired cell. Researchers could target genes in ES cells mutation in every and then sort out the

英語 高３ 先生のメモ付きで見ずらくてすみません💦 ・公共のガス灯は1800〜1807年間まで無かった ・鳴鳥や海鳥は落ちるまで旋回する ・毎年何十万もの（産まれたばかりの） ウミガメが海で迷子になる ・闇は仕事上は必要ないけど生活に 置いては光と同様に必... 続きを読む

Lesson 12 Light Pollution Class Name (1) If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would live in くつろぐ darkness happily. The midnight world would be as visible to us as it is to the vast number of No. nocturnal species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun's light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don't think of ourselves as diurnal beings any more than we think of ourselves as mammals. Yet it's the only way to explain what we've done to the night; we've engineered it by filling it with light so that we can へように be active at night. (2) This kind of engineering is similar to damming a river. Its benefits come with consequences に伴って起こる 結果 - called light pollution - the effects of which scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward 人工的な and upward into the sky instead of focusing it downward. Badly designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and greatly alters the light levels and light rhythms, to which many forms of life, including humans, have adapted Wherever human light shines out into the natural world, some aspect of life, whether it is migration, breeding or feeding, is affected. whether A or B· A=·AD3B78332 (3) For most of human history, the phrase "light pollution" would have made no sense. Imagine walking toward London on a moonlit night around 1800, when it was Earth's largest city. Nearly ほとんど a million people lived there with candles, torches, and lanterns. Only a few houses were lit by gas, and there would be no public gaslights in the streets or squares for another seven years. From 広島 (前) さらに a few miles away, you would have been as likely to smell London as to see its faint collective glow. 集まっている様子 (4) Now most humans live under domes of reflected light: of scattering rays from cities and suburbs with too much lighting, and from light-flooded highways and factories. Nearly all of nighttime Europe is a nebula of light, as is most of the United States and all of Japan. In the south Atlantic the glow from a single group of fishing boats squid fishermen attracting prey with 大西 high brightness lamps can be seen from space, burning brighter, in fact, than Buenos Aires or Rio de Janeiro. (5) We've lit up the night, forgetting that it is occupied by many different living species. The number of nocturnal mammal species alone is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force,

1枚目の訳と問いの答えって合っていますか？💦

(2)What is happening in current fashion trends? 訳:現在のファッションの流行では何が 起こっているのか? The distinction between men and women is vanishing.

1枚目の訳と、問いの答えってあっていますか？💦

(2)What is happening in current fashion trends? 訳:現在のファッションの流行では何が 起こっているのか? The distinction between men and women is vanishing.

(8)ってどうして2じゃだめなんですか？ ただの完了形とbeenがはいったときのちがいがいまいちわかりません

) asleep. But outside factors can influence LIU (6) ( Among such factors are diet, stress and (7)( ) to light. Rhythms ✓ set by the body's internal clock naturally flow like tides of the ocean. For example, body temperature is lowest around 4 a.m. and highest around 7 p.m. ) in the evening than in the Occur Interestingly, more world records (8)( morning. And research has shown that many athletes perform best in the intern: afternoon or evening - near the peak of body temperature. influer tide (1) prepared preparing 3 are preparing 4 prepare intere predicta circadia rhythm biologic

この問題が分かりません 教えてください

5 Many philosophers have argued that nature has little or no [21] can give it. However, we have failed to place sufficient value on key biological resources. For example, though forests are richest in the tropics, these regions contain many of the poorest countries today. Often, the poverty of the local people is blamed for environmental destruction. However, the weakness of property rights in those countries is a more important, but overlooked, factor. Poor eople often do not care about forests, except as a means to gain immediate benefit. To address this, governments in such poor countries need to establish poor people's rights to the biological riches around them, letting them own and manage these natural areas. [22] surely recognize the benefits of maintaining their forests.

an unusual assignment からどうやっても和訳がわからないです。forからphysicsまで副詞の塊なのはなぜですか？

geologist, an unusual assignment <for a biologist who was self- Peter was assigned to do research on earthquakes S V₁ and spent the next six years working as as V2 O2 taught in mathematics and physics, but he was an SVC excellent choice. CD 2-70 単語チェック [ assign [asáin]~ ~動~を割り当てる ] 仕事や義務などを人に割り当てるの意味です。 名詞形の an assignment は米語で 「宿題」 の意味です。 be assigned to (V) で 「〜を命じら れる」という意味で使われます。 [ageologist [dzi:áladgist] 名 地質学者 ] geo- は 「土」 を表し, log は 「論理」から. geology は 「地質学」です。

(1)の並べ替えの問題なのですが、解説が付いていなくて分かりません。どなたか教えてください。 私は2番にしたのですが、答えは1番でした

Humans have spent tens of thousands of years/developing ways to send signals of interest that are easy to interpret. Interestingly, many of the signals that are easiest to interpret are also, in some sense, the costliest to send. Biologists believe that [assist / costly signals / evolution / in the mating (1) - market/ sometimes leads to / that]. The peacock's tail serves an example. A male peacock does not get a lot of direct benefit from a huge, heavy, colorful tail that advertises his presence to enemies and makes it harder to escape from

関西学院大学の英語の問題です。 定期テストの初見問題で出た問題なのですがBの(2)の線で引いた問題(空欄補充・画像1枚目の13行目の真ん中辺りにあるgeneration (2) generationの問題です。)の答えがなぜ(エ)afterなのかが分かりません。 どなたか教... 続きを読む

次の英文を読み、 下記の設問 (A~D) に答えなさい。 In the last few decades, people all over the world have been told that humankind is on the path to equality, and that globalization and new technologies will help us get there sooner) In reality, the twenty- first century might create the most unequal societies in history. Though globalization and the Internet bridge the gap between countries, they threaten to enlarge the gap between classes, and just as humankind seems about to achieve global unification, the species itself might divide into different biological types. Inequality goes back to the Stone Age. Thirty thousand years ago, hunter-gatherer tribes buried some members in grand graves filled with thousands of ivory beads, bracelets, jewels and art objects, while other members had to (7)settle for a mere hole in the ground. ( 1), ancient hunter-gatherer tribes were still more egalitarian* than any succeeding human society, because they had very little property. Property is a condition for long-term inequality. Following the Agricultural Revolution, property multiplied, and with it inequality. As humans gained ownership of land, animals, plants and tools, hierarchical** societies emerged, in which small elites monopolized wealth and power for generation (2) generation. Hierarchy, then, came to be recognized not just as the model, but also as the ideal. How can there be order without a clear hierarchy between elites and ordinary people, between men and women, or between parents and children? Authorities all over the world patiently explained that just as in the human body not all parts are equal, so also in human society equality will bring nothing (3) disorder. In the late modern era, however, equality became an ideal in almost all human societies. It was mainly due to the Industrial Revolution, which made the masses more important than ever before. Industrial economies relied on masses of common workers, (4) industrial armies relied on masses of common soldiers. Governments invested heavily in the health, education and welfare of the masses, because they needed millions of healthy workers to operate the production lines and millions of loyal soldiers to fight in the wars. with ti own no (3) of sup horizo partic again A. Consequently, the history of the twentieth century revolved around the ( 5 ) of inequality between classes, races and genders. Though the world of the year 2000 still had its share of hierarchies, it was かなり nevertheless a much more equal place than the world of 1900. In the first years of the twenty-first century people expected that the egalitarian process would continue and even speed up. In particular, they hoped that globalization would spread economic growth throughout the world, and that as a result people in India and Egypt would come to enjoy the same opportunities and privileges as people in Finland and Canada. An entire generation grew up on this hope. Now it seems that this hope might not be fulfilled. Globalization has certainly profited large portions of humanity, but there are signs of growing inequality both between and within societies. Some groups increasingly monopolize the fruits of globalization, while billions are left behind. Already today, the richest hundred people together own more than the poorest four billion. This could get (6) worse. The rise of Al (Artificial Intelligence) might eliminate the economic value and political power of most humans. At the same time, improvements in biotechnology might make it possible to translate economic inequality into biological inequality. Soon the super rich might be able to buy life itself. If new treatments for extending life and for upgrading physical and intellectual abilities prove to be expensive, a huge biological gap might open up between the rich and the poor. By 2100, the rich might be more talented, more creative and more intelligent than the less advantaged. Once a real gap in ability opens between the rich and the poor, it will become almost impossible to close it. If the rich use their superior abilities to enrich themselves further, and if more money can buy them more efficient bodies and brains, B B V