青丸が付いてる(2)の和訳についてです。 人々が委員会を形成した昔のアメリカでは、指導者のみが椅子に座った。 という和訳で合ってますでしょうか？？

bowing low, has often been a convenient way (to show leadership, Kings sit on thrones, and bishops have cathedrals. The word cathedra means "the seat of a bishop". 2 In early America when people 10 formed committees, only the leader sat in a chair. And today we still call the heads of committees chairmen.

🚨至急お願いします このto continueの意味がわかりません。 解説お願いします。 また訳は 〝大衆は、科学と技術の新しい発展がもたらした生活水準の着実な向上が続くだろうと思うようになっている。〟です

2 目的格の関係代名詞で名詞を修飾する 実践問題 3 At the moment, the public has a rather ambivalent attitude foward science (1) It has come to てに対して、 かなり相反した 今現は、今のところ (対象) expect the steady increase in the standard of living (that new developments in science and technology 預する 着実な するようになる S have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because (2) it doesn't understand it This V 信用しない 明らかな distrust is evident in the figure of the mad scientisto Frankensteingyorking in his laboratory to create 人物 気が狂った 分詞構 a monster. But the public also has a great interest in science, as is shown by the darge audiences for 大きな Xmany science fiction> SF小説 非常で P.286 謖器 (明治大 86 words) a large) audience Small

これ、have toが離れてるやつですか！！？あってる気がする(˶' ᵕ ' ˶)あってますか！？ moreoverからです、、

'do arithmetic 「計算 名 ■る」 「attract 「を集める, 引く」 Tod wi 「熱狂」 tw P and wn differences in the relative sizes of the brains of males ■ut so far no great differences have been found between people Werent ethnic groups 20bviously the brain of a small Japanese Her than that of a giant Russian boy. But when brain size is of the body, there does not seem to be great advantage for ligence. Moreover, in measuring intelligence one has, of he effects of education and cultural background. S 5 相対的な大きさの違いを示した研究はあるが,これまでのとこ る人の間では大きな違いは見つかっていない。 2言うまでもな の脳は大柄なロシア人の少年の脳に比べるとはるかに小さ 大きさや重さの点から調整されると、知能に関してはいずれ にはないようである。 さらに知能を測るには,教育や文化的背 いことは言うまでもない。 でもロシアと日本ではちがう→もともとが大きいからだ ethnic groups の but は people を修飾する of the same age んでいる。

最後の文のcure'sの後にはなにか省略されているということでしょうか...？教えて頂きたいです。

|1 成功した。 効果的な 答えよ。 If a successful treatment for extending life were to emerge suddenly 連続性 out of all the new developments of medical science, adding extra ひきおこすひさん decades or even centuries to our lives, the results could be disastrous. 同格のof 7472 It might very well be a case of the cure's being worse than the disease.

空所に適当なものを選ぶ問題です。 There have been suggestions that the growth of the brains of children is not steady, but occurs suddenly, each period o... 続きを読む

この英語長文において、印刷技術の発達に必要な技術はどのようなものであるか50~200字で答えてください

木版画 鋳造 第3問 以下の文は、 S. Strandh の “Machines, an illustrated history" からの抜粋で ある。 次の文を読んで、設問に解答せよ。 (ア) The tools of precision mechanics were, without doubt, the technical pre conditions for making wood cuts and for the development of printing. The oldest dated wood engraving is from 1418. It shows fine lines throughout 細部 and a richness of detal, which imply that the tools used, the knives, burins, and so on, must have been eminently suitable At this time, it was only the precision mechanics of clock making which could achieve the technique required for such tools. 精密機械技術 (イ) A (woodcut was produced by transferring a drawing, reversed from left to right, onto a carefully surface-ground "block" of wood, after which the surface wood on either side of each line in the drawing was cut away with a burin of forged steel. The remaining wood on all 'surfaces which were to be white in the drawing were then cut away with gravers and gouges, so that the lines of the drawing became raised. They were then inked and pressed against paper. これは 理由では ないから、 (~のときに、何 が原因か は不明) The woodcut method spread rapidly in the late Middle Ages when pictures were rarity. At first, skilful craftsmen made the woodcuts, but before long, eminent artists were themselves cutting their own drawings in wood. One of the first was the German Albrecht Duerer (1479-1528) who, in 1498, published the famous pictorial series of the Revelation of St. John. Graphics had become an independent art form-based on the progress of precision 酒の mechanics! 可動式の The 1440s saw the first book printed with movable die-cast type. (The letter press printing method used by Johann Gutenberg (1399?-1468) was basically the same as the one used for printing woodcuts, but Gutenberg used cast, movable type instead of cut blocks. The production of dies for the type was made possible by the tools of precision mechanics, too. It does not detract from Gutenberg's contribution that printing with movable type has been practised in the Far East, or more specifically Korea, two thousand years prior to this. Several of the techniques described here, which developed so quickly during the technical revolution of the Renaissance, had had predecessors in other parts of the world. ' 金楼 にねじ を刻む 道具 ~をなら K あったもの

最後の方に、 嚢胞繊維症の遺伝子を欠いたマウスを作った とあり、そのあと、 人間の病気を模すために とかいてありますが、 なぜ嚢胞繊維症患者のためにわざとそれを欠いたマウスを作るんですが？あまりうまく想像できません。 癌に例えるなら、悪性のがん細胞を持ってないマウスをわざと... 続きを読む

握り Evans's lab learning the techriology. // へと競う Every biologist soon wanted a favorite genpunched out, and a Chandful of companies quickly began competing with places such as the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine, to provide knockout strains Have knocked out at least 11,000 genes in mice, observing what goes wrong to drug companies and academic labs. To date researches 77 生中 今日に至るきび in 70 development or adulthood and thereby gaining a sense of what the gene does/ By deactivating specific genes this way, for example, Capecchi and his colleagues went on to identify ones that shape limbs, organs, and the overall mammalian body plan/ Both Smithies and Evans /developed mice lacking the cystic fibrosis gen one of many kneekoat gene mouse 75 strains oreated to mimic a human illness/ Indeed, there is now a worldwide effort to knock out every mouse gene. 成熟期 (Science, October 12, 2007 より引用 一部改変) 筑波大) * in fact : 実は,それどころか cystic fibrosis:嚢胞性線維症 人間の病気を模すために

生物 精子形成 黄色で囲んだところはなぜ増えたのでしょうか？

動物の配偶子のもととなるのは始原生殖細胞である。 始原生 殖細胞は,発生の早い時期に体細胞とは異なる細胞として出現 ぶんか せいらん げんさいぼう げん し,生殖巣に移動して分化し,精(卵) 原細胞となったあと,減 すうぶんれつ いちじせいらん ぼ さいぼう 数分裂を始める。減数分裂を始めた細胞を一次精(卵)母細胞, にじせいらんぼ さいぼう 1回目の分裂を終えた細胞を二次精 (卵) 母細胞という。精子形 成では,1個の一次精母細胞から4個の精細胞ができる。精細胞 は,形が大きく変わり精子となる。卵形成では,1個の一次卵母 細胞から1個の卵細胞しかできない。 減数分裂の初期に細胞が ふく 大きく成長する過程が含まれ, 減数分裂の2回の分裂では,母 むすめさいぼう ① 細胞とほぼ同じ大きさの娘細胞と, 極端に小さい娘細胞を生じる。 2n lol 始原生殖 細胞 2n la 始原生殖 細胞 体細胞分裂 2n 2n lal 精原細胞 体細胞分裂 2n las 2n 2n lal 2n las 2n lav 2n los 2n lal 2n 2n 今 2n 2n 2n 長 成長 2n 一次精母細胞 卵黄を蓄積 して著しく成長 2n 減数分裂 n In 減数分裂 n I 二次精母細胞 第一分裂(第二分裂) n h n 1母細胞とほぼ同じ大 の娘細胞はやがて卵と 極端に小さい娘細胞 (極 はのちに消失する。 卵 で, 極体が生じた側を! 極,その反対側を植物 いう。 しょくぶつ I n lı 第一極体 第一分裂)(第二分裂) n n I n 10= 変態 精細胞 n n n 第二 ⑩ 極体 n 精 の 失 極 動物 る) 卵 (卵母 細胞質 部分を 継いて 卵原細胞 一次卵母細胞 二次卵母細胞 ▲図1 精子形成(上)と卵形成(下) 精細胞は、大部分の細胞質を失って形を変え、精子になる。一次卵母細胞 数分裂の第一分裂の前期に止まって大きく成長する。 1個の一次卵母細胞から,1個の卵しかつくられない。 卵:egg 精子: sperm 受精 : fertilization 受精卵: fertilized egg 発生: development 配偶子: gamete 減数分裂: meic 動物極: animal pole 植物極: vegetal F

この文について、まず冒頭部の、パンチして潰したがる、の意味がわかりません。それと74行目の（英文の）和訳が、多様な系統、となっているんですが、これは、様々な、でもいいんですか？

659 Every biologist soon wanted a favorite gene punched out, and a handful of companies quickly began competing with places such as the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine, to provide knockout strains to drug companies and academic labs/To date, researchers have knocked out at least 11,000 genes in mice, observing what goes wrong in 70 development or adulthood and thereby gaining a sense of what the gene does. By deactivating specific genes this way, for example, Capecchi and his colleagues went on to identify ones that shape limbs, organs, and the overall mammalian body plan. Both Smithies and Evans developed mice lacking the cystic fibrosis gene one of many knockout mouse 75 strains created to mimic a human illness. Indeed, there is now a worldwide effort to knock out every mouse gene. (Science, October 12, 2007 より引用 一部改変) (筑波大・後期) *in fact : 実は、それどころか cystic fibrosis: 嚢胞性線維症 を作 E

expectancyがどのように訳されているのか分からないです。解説お願いします。

42020年度 英語 [名産] 英語 P 問題 Ⅰ 以下の文章を読み、下の問いに答えなさい。 29 (120分) 〈前期〉 Asia is aging fast: by 2040, 16 percent of the region's population will be older than 65, more than double the 7.8 percent share in 2015. While the rise in healthy life expectancy is a positive development, this demographic shift (1) Gener poses a serious threat to many economies, which are already losing vitality. A consistent supply of young, skilled workers was an essential factor of Asia's rapid economic catch-up process over the last three decades. That process is now over, and middle-income countries like China and Vietnam are now facing accelerating population aging. In South Korea, the working-age population (15-64 years) will shrink (7) 10 percent from 2017 to 2030. most as exp wit ab to