マーカーの部分の文構造を教えていただきたいです🙇‍♀️

④よ歴を 25 30 Quite the contrary. His picture, his version of events, is formed before he begins to write or even to research. I am told [that scientists do much the same]. be told tell 0, 02 のO2) experiments to confirm their ideas. They conduct They do not sit there waiting for ideas to 分詞構文 (付帯状況) Similarly the historian is after details to thicken up his picture fall from the sky. Sometimes the opposite 6 ⑦ and make it look convincing. Usually he finds them. thicken と make を並列

下から3行目のfirst few secondについてfirstもfewも形容詞としてsecondにかかっていると考えたのですがこの考えが正しいのか教えて頂きたいです。

Lesson 4 certain that each man carries in his eye the exact indication of his rank 広大な in the immense scale of men, and we are always learning to read it.' Indeed, psychological experiments suggest that we make judgements of each other's social status within the first few seconds of meeting. no wounder wonder ( B ) first impressions count, and ("DB") we feel social evaluation anxieties!

9行目のitが何を指しているかということと、have been thinkingが完了進行形の受動態として使われているのか、be動詞の完了形でthinkingが名詞として使われているのかわからないので教えて頂きたいです。 よろしくお願いします。

10 5 おかれる a 不気味 71 1/In a disgusting series of experiments in the early 1960s, a surgeon in America cut open the heads of monkeys and removed their brains. サ ◎Then he placed each brain on an apparatus specially designed to V3 C 機能する supply it with nutrients that would keep it alive] It seemed to work. (1) VS 0 C Brain waves were produced as they would be from a living brain 文理由 (付帯も precace 「被っているので省略さ ことが多 lasは前のもので内容が However deprived of any kind of sensory input no sights nor sounds, つまり no tastes nor smells, no touching nor feeling, no pleasure nor pain its thinking must/necessarily have been limited to memories and したにちがいない abstractions. Indeed, it may not have been thinking at all. <In most してないかもしれない animals, partial sensory deprivation can lead to hallucinations*, and ☆文を切りはす 狂気 extreme deprivation to madness, the “thoughts” of the monkey's brain can Fed lead to よくこびmay not have been meaningful or clear thoughts, but nerve cells firing randomly. M XC 1つの出来事 動名

2行目のyoungについてです。名詞は冠詞がつくか、複数形になるかすると認識していたのですがここでのyoungは複数形にしなくて良いのですか？

12 S 取りしまる Some of these sites are involved in regulating maternal behaviors ①動名詞 V3 部位と Some Vz 手入れ しかし such as building nests, grooming young and protecting them from 不可 前 ( 3 ). Other affected regions, though, control memory, learning, and a V³ responses to fear and stress. Recent experiments have shown that V3

この段落の上から 4行目のspinというのは、 和訳中のどこに当たるのでしょうか？実験結果をそのように（楽観視）置いた くらいでしょううか？

ERL 土でく rep 14 Some think that the problems are simply technical: repairing a rat's string-thin spinal cord is a complicated experiment to copy. Others argue that, in some cases, eager scientists have put an over-optimistic 30 spin on their results. These accusations are hotly disputed, but some researchers privately fear that the expectation of high-profile patient. advocacy groups may be inadvertently creating an atmosphere in which problems are likely to occur. Certainly, some researchers admit to feeling under pressure to perform. "If patients phone you three or four 35 times a year and you can't tell them anything new, that's a pressure says Isabel Klusman of the University of Zurich in Switzerland. 15 Exploring these issues is difficult, as no one wants to be no

なぜwhichはダメなのですか？

(1d)- In spite of all these advantages, however, the Wright brothers might not have succeeded had they not been born at precisely the right moment in history. Attempts to achieve manned flight in the early nineteenth century were doomed because the steam engines that powered the aircraft were too heavy in 35 proportion to the power that they produced. But by the end of the nineteenth century, ( 4 4 ) the brothers were experimenting with engineering options, a relatively light gasoline engine had already been invented, and they were able to bring the ratio of weight to power within acceptable limits for flight. 40

3行目のon objectがどう言った意味で使われているのか分からないのと、次の文のToがどう言った意味を持っているのか教えて頂きたいです。

細かい部分 11 Another invention dates back to older days. The physicist C. V. Boys had a gift for creating tools for his experiments. In 1887, he wanted to create a very fine piece of glass to measure the effects of delicate physical forces on objects. He built a special crossbow and created small arrows called bolts with it. To one bolt he attached heated glass, and he fired the bolt. As the bolt flew toward its target, it pulled a tail of fiber from the glass. In one of his shots, ホル Boys produced a long, thin piece of glass that stretched almost 90 feet. don@

(2)の①のwhoは必要ですか？答えはhasで正解ですか？

deny that Carter has an 3 interest in (京都外国語大) (2) No one who have seen him working in the laboratory can 4 conducting chemical experiments. (3) It was really amazing to see such a young girl to speak English 3 fluently and confidently. ( 西南学院大 )

答え合わせお願いします🙇‍♀️🙏💦

Ⅱ. 次の英文の空欄 ( 11 ) から ( 20 )に入る最も適切な英単語を, a. ~d.の中から 1つ選びなさい。 解答は解答用紙1枚目 (マークシート方式)の所定の解答欄にマークし なさい。 2893 000 Lego bricks. (Image source: Wikimedia Commons-CC license) Car made from Lego bricks. Lego has unveiled its first bricks made from recycled plastic bottles and ( 11 ) that it hopes to include the pieces in sets within two years. The prototype 4x2 bricks have been made from PET plastic from ( 12 ) bottles with additives to give them the strength of standard Lego parts, and are the result of three years of ( 13 ) with 250 variations of materials. It has already ( 14 ) plans to remove single-use plastic from boxes, and since 2018 has been ( 15 ) parts from bio-polyethylene (bio-PE), made from sustainably sourced sugarcane. These parts are bendy pieces, such as trees, leaves and accessories for figurines. Tim Brooks, vice-president for environmental ( 16 ) at Lego Group, said the biggest challenge was "rethinking and innovating new materials that are as ( 17 ), strong and high (18) as our existing bricks and fit with Lego elements made over the past 60 years". He added: "We're committed to playing our part in building a sustainable future for generations of children. We want our products to have a positive ( 19 ) on the planet, not just with the play they inspire, but also with the materials we use. We still have a long 20 ) we are making." way to go on our journey, but are pleased with the Hillary Osborne, "Lego develops first bricks made from recycled plastic bottles", The Guardian, 23 June, 2021. (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2021/jun/23/lego- develops-first-bricks-made-of-recycled-plastic-bottles) (-)

生物の食物連鎖とかの問題だと思うんですけど誰かわかる方いますか？？？ 英語すみません💦

hhmi Biolnteractive Some Animals Are More Equal than Others: Trophic Cascades and Keystone Species Mean Leaf Area per Plant Over 18 Months without beetle with beetle Leaf Area per Plant (cm²) Control Ecology 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 Experimental 0 T 2 www.BioInteractive.org 8 10 12 14 16 Months After Start of Experiment 4 6 Refer to the figure to answer questions 12 through 17. 12. For both the plots with the beetles added and the control plots, state the mean tree leaf area per plot that the scientists recorded after running the experiment for 18 months. The mean tree leaf area per plot that the Scientist recorded after running the experiment for 18 months wit the beetles added is 1.7m², S 2.2m² 13. Compare the trends in mean tree leaf area per plot for both the plots with the beetles added and the control plots over the 18 months of the experiment. The area of the control plat for thinoceros beetles has d has increased at a nearly constant rate, the other is a gradua decrease at first, then a sudden decrease, and finally a dradua 18 Figure 2. Mean leaf area per tree. Initial measurements were taken before (0 to 2 months) and after (7 to 18 months) beetles were added to 40 of 80 plants. The light gray round markers represent measurements taken of the control plots, to which beetles were not added. The black square markers represent measurements taken of the experimental plots, to which beetles were added. Measurements were made on all leaves to calculate the mean leaf area per plant. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. 14. Draw two diagrams that show the food chains for both the experimental and control plots. Include increase. interactions among predatory beetles (if present), ants, caterpillars, and piper plants. Revised January 2018 Page 4 of 5