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生物 高校生

生物基礎の問題でかなり難しくて、解説を見ても理解することができません! わかる方解説よろしくお願いします

③c ⑦b.d⑧ be ⑨ de ⑩b.de ⑥a.c (川崎医大) □38 遺伝暗号の解読 コドン(遺伝暗号)は全部で64種類からなり、20種類のアミ ノ酸を指定するため、複数のコドンが1種類のアミノ酸に対応することが多い。また。 タンパク質合成の停止を指定する終止コドンも含まれる。 ニーレンバーグらは、大腸菌をすりつぶし、これにアミノ酸 ATP などとともに 人工的に合成したRNAを加えるとこの人工 RNAはmRNA としてはたらき,ポリ ペプチド(アミノ酸が2分子以上連結した分子)が合成されることを発見した。この 実験系(無細胞翻訳系)を用いることにより、UUUのトリプレットがフェニルアラ ニンを指定するコドンであることを明らかにした。さらにコラーナらは、無細胞翻訳 系に2つの塩基と3つの塩基がそれぞれ繰り返される人工 RNA を用いてコドンの解 読を進めた。 これらの研究をもとに,次の実験からコドンを解読することにした。 [実験1] AUAAUAAUAAUAAUAAUAAUAAUAAUAAUA の配列をもつ30塩 基の人工 RNA を無細胞翻訳系に加えると, アスパラギンのみからなるポ リペプチドとイソロイシンのみからなるポリペプチドが合成された。 〔実験2] UAUAUAUAUAUAUAUAUAUAUAUAUAUAUAの配列をもつ30塩 基の人工RNA を無細胞翻訳系に加えると, チロシンとイソロイシンが交 互に連結したポリペプチドが合成された。 [実験3] UAA と AAUの指定するコドンの解析を行うために、以下の配列をもつ 30 塩基の人工 RNA を無細胞翻訳系に加えた。 二重の下線部は,実験1で 用いた人工 RNA と異なる部分を示す。 このとき、イソロイシンを主成分 としてロイシンを含むポリペプチドと, アスパラギンを主成分としてイソ ロイシンを含むポリペプチドが合成された。 AUAAUAAUAAUAAUAAUAAUAAUAQUAAUA 注1: 翻訳は文中の人工RNA配列の左側から右側へ進むものとする。 注2:人工RNAの末端の1塩基および2塩基を認識して翻訳を始めることはできない。 54 編 生物の特徴

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英語 高校生

英語の長文です どこに文法表現があるか知りたいです! よろしくお願いします。

5 UNIT3 Reading Passage 10 15 20 20 25 30 Listening When important events are happening around the world, most people turn to traditional media sources, such as CNN and BBC,¹ for their news. However, during the invasion of Iraq by the United States and its allies in early 2003, a significant number of people followed the war from the point of view of an anonymous² Iraqi citizen who called himself "Salam Pax" (salam means "peace" in Arabic, and pax means "peace" in Latin). Salam Pax wrote a diary about everyday life in Baghdad during the war, and posted it on his web site. Pax's online diary was a kind of web site known as a "blog." Blogs, short for "web-logs," are online diaries usually kept by individuals, but sometimes they are written by companies and other groups of people. They are a rapidly growing type of web site on the Internet. There are estimated to be several hundred thousand blogs on the Internet, and with the popularity of other social media sites, the number of people writing online about their lives continues to grow. may find A blog differs from a traditional web site in several ways. Most importantly, it is updated much more regularly. Many blogs are updated every day, and some are updated several times a day. Also, most blogs use special software or web sites which are specifically aimed at bloggers, so you do not need to be a computer expert to create your own blog. This means that ordinary people who computers difficult to use can easily set up and start writing their own blog. In 2003, the Internet company AOL³ introduced their own blogging service, enabling its 35 million members to quickly and easily start blogging. There are many different kinds of blogs. The most popular type is an online diary of links, where the blog writer surfs the Internet and then posts links to sites or news articles that they find interesting, with a few comments about each one. Other types are personal diaries, where the writer talks about their life and feelings. Sometimes these blogs can be very personal. There is another kind of blogging, called "moblogging," short for "mobile blogging." Mobloggers use cell phones to take photo's, which are posted instantly to the Internet. When the content and images posted online involve news subjects, mobloggers become citizen journalists. In fact, the Korean web site OhMyNews was a well known source for articles from international citizen journalists. However, in 2010, OhMyNews stopped posting new articles. Instead, it is now a blog site where citizen journalists can choose what makes the headlines, or just share ideas about how regular people are changing the news world. Anyone who visits the web site of a big media company can clearly see how the idea of blogging has changed the reporting of news. Quite often, a list of reader comments follow news articles. It seems that the news is becoming less like a report or a lecture, and more like a conversation, where anyone can join in. CNN, BBC Cable News Network, British Broadcasting Corporation anonymous not named; unknown 3 AOL America Online

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英語 高校生

英語の長文です。 文法表現のあるところが知りたいです。 よろしくお願いします。

UNIT 1 5 Reading Passage 10 15 20 20 25 Listening There are more than 37,000 known species of spiders in the world in a wide variety of shape's and sizes! The largest spiders in the world live in the rain forests of South America and are known by the people who live there as the "bird-eating spiders." These spiders can grow up to 28 centimeters in length- about the size of a dinner plate, and, as their name suggests, have been known to eat small birds. In comparison, the smallest species of spider in the world is native to Western Samoa. These tiny spiders are less than half a millimeter long — about the size of a period on this page and live in plants that grow on mountain rocks. - Some people like to keep spiders as pets, particularly tarantulas, which are native to North America and can live for up to twenty-five years, Most people, on the other hand, do not like touching spiders, and a significant number of people are afraid of them, mainly because of their poison. However, despite their bad reputation, only thirty of the 37,000 known species of spiders are deadly to humans. Spiders actually provide benefits to humans, by catching and eating harmful insects such as flies and mosquitoes. - - The main thing that makes spiders different from other animals is that they spin web's to catch the small insects they feed on. The unique silk of a spider's web is produced by special organs found spider web is five times in the lower part of the spider's body. It is light, elastic, and strong stronger than steel. Additionally, it is completely biodegradable. This means that the web will making it perfect for uses completely decompose¹ and eventually return to nature over time such as making fishing nets. Some people have tried to raise spiders commercially in order to collect the silk these spiders produce, but no one has ever really managed to make a go of it. One reason why these businesses never stand a chance is because it takes 670,000 spiders to produce half a kilogram of silk, and all of these spiders need living insects for their food. In addition, spiders are usually solitary² animals, and need to be kept alone. Researchers at an American company working together with two U.S. universities may have found a solution to making artificial spider web. Using genetically modified silkworms,³ the company hopes that in the long run it will be able to make large quantities of very light, very strong fiber for medical as well as other uses. Additionally, because the manufacture of the artificial web is from living silkworms, the industry potentially would be non-polluting and less harmful to the environment

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