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第 1 主
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Urban legends consist of narrative accounts of events、 which are Presented as
truth、hut which are in reality completely jalse。 They are usually passed on from
storyteller to listener as factual accounts、with seemingly trustworthy sources。
warranted by some reliable、close acquaintanee such as ariend or relauye who
eyperienced the event ( | ) or heard of it directly jrom the person or people
involved. Sometimes news media are attributed as the source andl this gves
additional backup to claims of being factual. The story often ends with an ironie or
supernatural vist
Most of these features are applicable to rumors as wel の Rumors bear significant
similarities in content to urban legends。 In structure、 however, rumors do not look as
formalized as legends. An urban legend usually has a well-elaborated plot and
circulates in a complete narrative form, while a rumor's plot is generally less developed
or even incoherent. The ending ofarumoroften ( 4 ) the ironic or supernatural
tyist we generally find in a legend,
Another difference between urban legends and rumors is ther 。durabihty
Aljthough many minor and unimportant changes are made to urban legends while they
are in cireulation, the core elements of plot remain unchanged through ime, and they
continue to be told for many years。 Conversely、rumors have shorter lives and
generally dissolve after a few weeks' circulation.
り For example, in the story of “the vanishing hitchhiker.” a dmver gives aridetoa
hitchhikker on a lonely road but subsequently discovers that the hitchhiker js really a
ghost There are a lot of yariations among the specific details in the story、Sometines
the ghost js met not on a road but at a party or a restaurant、Sometimes the ghost
disappears just when the vehicle drives past a gaveyard。 Sometimes the ghost
sleaves an itemn such as a book or a coat in the car, which is later identifed as haying
belonged o him or her。、Sometimes he driver yisits the house where the ghost asked
to be talken。and recognizes the hitchhiker from a family portrait Elements of tbe
*disappearing ghost' story can be found in nmrratives dating as far back as 【he late
