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4 20 科学 420 words Chapter 1 The recipe for making any creature is written in its DNA. So last year, when 1-1 geneticists* published the near-complete DNA sequence of the long-extinct woolly mammoth, there was much speculation about whether we could bring this giant creature back to life. 5 東京理科大学 Creating a living, breathing creature from a genome* sequence that exists only in a computer's memory is not possible right now. But someone someday is sure to try it, predicts Stephan Schuster, a molecular biologist at Pennsylvania State University and a driving force behind the mammoth genome project. So besides the mammoth, what other extinct beasts might we bring back to life? Well, 12 10 it is only going to be possible with creatures for which we can recover a complete genome Without one, there is no chance. And usually when a creature dies, the (1) - DNA in any flesh left untouched is soon destroyed as it is attacked by sunshine and bacteria. sequence. There are, however, some circumstances in which DNA can be preserved. If your 15 specimen froze to death in an icy wasteland such as Siberia, or died in a dark cave or a really dry region, for instance, then the probability of finding some intact stretches of DNA is much higher. Even in ideal conditions, though, no genetic information is likely to survive more than a million years. - so dinosaurs are out and only much younger remains are likely to yield good-quality DNA. "It's really only worth studying specimens that are less than 100,000 years old," says Schuster. The genomes of several extinct species besides the mammoth are already being sequenced, but turning these into living creatures will not be easy. "It's hard to say that something will never ever be possible," says Svante Pääbo of the Max Planck Institute 25 for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany, "but it would require technologies so far removed from what we currently have that I cannot imagine how it would be done." But then (3) 50 years ago, who would have believed we would now be able to read the instructions for making humans, fix inherited diseases, clone mammals and be close to creating artificial life? Assuming that we will develop the necessary technology, we have 30 selected ten extinct creatures that might one day be resurrected. Our choice is based not just on practicality, but also on each animal's "charisma" - just how exciting the prospect of resurrecting these animals is. 1-3

successionalとsuccessiveの違いなんですか？

この文のwhichの後ろの訳仕方が分かりません。 答えの訳は「社会においてみられる ｣です。

結果 社会 It tries to understand causes and consequences which are at play in society

写真中央の"It would be..."の1文の解説をお願いします。 意味は「何らかのの生活手段を全員に与えることの方がはるかに理にかなっている」なのですが、よく分かりません。使われている熟語とかを説明していただけると助かります。

Is It Time for Universal Basic Income? In 1516, Sir Thomas More wrote Utopia, a novel about the political and social systems of an imaginary ideal nation. More addressed the issue of poverty by having one of the main characters exclaim, "No penalty on earth will stop people from stealing, if it's their only way of getting food.... It would be far more to the point to provide everyone with some means of livelihood." Over 500 years later, income inequality and economic insecurity are still major problems, having become deep-rooted consequences of modern capitalism. This situation has inspired some economists and political strategists to look to More's Utopia for guidance.

この文章の和訳を誰かしていただけないでしょうか😢 英語が苦手で、、、。よろしくお願いします！

19,20 Friday, Feb. 26, 2021 O French safety officials the 写真提供:ロイターアフ。 safety official 安全局合。 on Thursday gave green light to extend the lifetime of the FESSENHEI/ 35 eDF country's oldest nuclear power plants as it seeks to boost the share of renewable 再生可能エネ ルギー mix. renewables in its power の Nuclear energy currently provides nearly 70 10 French electricity, more than in OFrance, hoping to reduce that share to 50 percent by 2035 percent of any other country. obs91 910a8 ーa target pushed back from an earlier 2025 date the help of renewables, has been holding off from building with hold off 控える、見合わ せる new reactors. 15 The French nuclear safety authority(ASN) said the country's 32 plants with 900 megawatt capacity, built mostly in the 1980s, would be allowed to operate for another nuclear safety authority 原子力安全局 decade, taking their potential lifespan to 50 initially planned 40. 20 6 They will therefore not be decommissioned before the late years from the uohee) 活導大 2020s or even late 2030s, depending on their initial launch date. 6 The safety of French nuclear plants is checked every bse 01nla8 decade. s の ASN asked state-controlled electricity provider EDF, which EDF フランス電力 the country's nuclear plants, to undertake work to safeguard the stations' security. “The main target was to limit the consequences of accident, especially any serious accident involving the manages any necessary any meltdown of a reactor," ASN's deputy director-general Julien

下線部aなんですが、文構造がよく分かりません。解説してくれると有難いですm(*_ _)m

■以下の英文を読み下線部 (a), (b) を和訳せよ。 A) 強調構文の考え方 many people find life in cities irritating and exhausting/ since closer we are packed, the more easily resentful of each other seems to be an inevitable consequence of city life/2 yut, the ourselves to/some degree to the kind of overcrowding/which Those of us who live in towns have learned to adjust Chalenge問題 2 do we tend to become It is probably on this account/that compelled to control aggressive impulses which arise they are olely/as a result of overcrowding./g() It is/also probable/that is because of the wider spacing* between individuals which nSual in the countryside /that rural folk are less tense, more friendly, and often better mannered than urban people. *spacing 間隔(をあけること) (山口大) 語句注 口adjust A to B AをBに順応させる to some degree ある程度は口 the kind of A+関係詞節 するような(種類の) A □overcrowding 密集, すし詰め D close くっついて O pack(wt.) を詰める O resentful of A Aに慣慨して 腹を Iてて Don A's account Aという理由で(=on account of A) ロ irritating いらいら させるくirritate(vt.) □ exhausting (心身を)疲れさせるくexhaust (vt.) Compelled to-不定詞 ロ be せざるをえない Daggressive 攻撃的な □impulse 衝動 U Solely もっぱら, 単に □ as a result of A Aの結果として □ countryside 地方, 田 日Urural 田舎の □ folk 人々(複数扱い) 口 tense 緊張した □ friendly 友好的な Omannered 行儀が の

印をつけたwhereは関係代名詞であってますか？だとしたら先行詞はどれか教えてください🙇‍♀️🙏

6 More and more doctors and medical students from Western countries are joining programs where they spend a few weeks volunteering in a less developed country. The problem is that sometimes their eager to help can have unintended negative consequences for that country.

2つ程質問をさせてください。 ①〈前置詞+関係代名詞〉は〈関係副詞〉に置き換えることができたかと思うのですが、今回だと適切な関係副詞は何になりますか？ ②関係代名詞で繋げる前の文（赤線部）の訳（特にforのはたらきと訳し方）について教えてください！

2 Well it is only going to be possible with creatures / for which we can recover a complete genome sequence. 「再生する、回復する」 それに対して我々が完全なゲノム配列を復元できる 実は、それは(~できる) 生物の場合だけ可能性がある (文構造) Well, (S)it (V)is only going to be (C)possible with creatures [--]. t関代[for which we can recover a complete genome sequence」 実は、可能性があるのは [完全なゲノム配列を復元できる生物] の場合だけだ。 *itは前文を受けて、 「絶滅動物をよみがえらせること」 を指す。 > be possible with creatures の with は「~に関して、~について(は)」と〈関連〉を表す用法。 ex. Such mistakes would be impossible with trained medical staff. 「そんなあやまちは熟練した医療スタッフにはありえないことだろう」 > for which we can recover a complete genome sequence は creatures を先行詞とする関係代名詞節。we can recover complete genome sequence for creatures → creatures for which we can recover a complete genome sequence

(ii)と(iii)がどうしてこうなるのか分かりません お願いします

b. [1+] Let t(n) be the number of total partitions of n, as defined in Exam- ple 5.2.5. Let g(n) have the same meaning as in Exercise 5.26. Deduce from (a) that g(n) = 2"t(n) for n >1. c. [2+] Give a simple combinatorial proof of (b). 5,37. a. [2+] Let 1=D po(x), pi(x), be a sequence of polynomials (with coeffi- cients in some field K of characteristic O0), with deg pn=n for all nE N. Show that the following four conditions are equivalent: ) Pn(x + y) =DE>o (") Pe(x)pnーk(y), for all n eN. (i) There exists a power series f(u)=aju+azu'+ E K [[u]] such that と P(x)- un expxf(u). (5.110) n! n>0 仮定 NOTE: The hypothesis that deg pPn=nimplies that aj ¥ 0. () E20 Pa(x) = (E>0 Pn(1)). (iv) There exists a linear operator Q on the vector space K[x] of all poly- nomials in x, with the following properties: ●Ox is a nonzero constant ●Qis a shift-invariant operator, i.e., for all aeK,Qcommutes with the shift operator E4 defined by E® p(x)=D p(x +a). ● We have Qpn(x) =D npn-1(x) for all n e P. NOTE: A sequence po, Pi, .. . of polynomials satisfying the above con- ditions is said to be of binomial tvpe. The operator Q is called a delta

この長文がどんな話なのか理解できません😥 出来れば段落ごとに要約して頂けると助かります😔 よろしくお願いします!!!!!!!!!🙇🏽‍♀️🙇🏽‍♀️

We are,(to a remarkable degree, the right distance from the right sort of star, one e 5 of ten billion and we wouldn't be here now./ We are also fortunate to orbit where we that is big enough to radiate lots of energy, but not so big as to burn itself out swiftly t 1s a curiosity bf physics that the larger a stor the more rapidly it burns. Had our sun Ocen ten times as massive、it would have evhonsted itself after ten million years instead of do. 1o0 much nearer and evervthing on Farth would have boiled away. Much rarther away and everything would have frozen. の14 m 1978, an astrophysicist named Micheel Hart made some calculations and Concluded that Earth would have been uninhabitable had it been just 1 percent rartner That's not much, and in fact it wasn't enough. percent 10 from or 5.percent closer to the Sun. The figures have since been refined and made a little more generous 5 nearer and I5 percent farther are thought to be more accurate assessments 1oI om zone of habitability - but that is still a narrow belt. To appreciate just how narrow, you have only to look at Venus. Venus 1s only ©10 15 twenty-five million miles closer to the Sun than we are. The Sun's warmth reaches it just two minutes before it touches us. In size and composition, Venus is very like Earth, but the small difference in orbital distance made all the difference to (3)how it turned out. It appears that during the early years of the solar system Venus was only slightly warmer than Earth and probably had oceans. But those few degrees of extra 20 warmth meant that Venus could not hold on to its surface water, with disastrous consequences for its climate. As its water evaporated, the hydrogen atoms escaped into space, and the oxygen atoms combined with carbon to form a dense atmosphere of the greenhouse gas CO2. Venus became stifling. Although people of my age will recall a time when astrononmers hoped that Venus might harbor life beneath its padded 25 clouds, possibly even a kind of tropical vegetation, we now know that it is much too fierce an environment for any kind of life that we can reasonably conceive of. Its surface temperature is a roasting 470 degrees centigrade (roughly 900 degrees Fahrenheit), which is hot enough to melt lead, and the atmospheric pressure at the surface is ninety times that of Earth, or more than any human body could withstand We lack the technology to make suits or even spaceships that would allow us to visit Our knowledge of Venus's surface is based on distant radar imagery and som。 disturbing noise from an unmanned Soviet probe that was dropped hopefully into the