英語 写真の赤マーカー部分（1）を日本語訳する問題です。 答えは 「戦争という破壊行為において実に大きな役割を果たし、また平和の回復においても同じくらい大きな役割を果たすべきだと主張されているのは、この形態の科学である」 です。 青で囲った 「,it is clamed... 続きを読む

23 #P 公立 23 次の英文を読んで設問に答えなさい。 ¶ 1 There are two forms or aspects of science. First, science is a body of useful and practical knowledge and a method of obtaining it. (1) It is science of this form which played so large a part in the destruction of war and, it is claimed, should play an equally large part in the *restoration of peace. It can work for good or for evil. If practical science made possible war with poison gas, it was also the

この英語長文において、印刷技術の発達に必要な技術はどのようなものであるか50~200字で答えてください

木版画 鋳造 第3問 以下の文は、 S. Strandh の “Machines, an illustrated history" からの抜粋で ある。 次の文を読んで、設問に解答せよ。 (ア) The tools of precision mechanics were, without doubt, the technical pre conditions for making wood cuts and for the development of printing. The oldest dated wood engraving is from 1418. It shows fine lines throughout 細部 and a richness of detal, which imply that the tools used, the knives, burins, and so on, must have been eminently suitable At this time, it was only the precision mechanics of clock making which could achieve the technique required for such tools. 精密機械技術 (イ) A (woodcut was produced by transferring a drawing, reversed from left to right, onto a carefully surface-ground "block" of wood, after which the surface wood on either side of each line in the drawing was cut away with a burin of forged steel. The remaining wood on all 'surfaces which were to be white in the drawing were then cut away with gravers and gouges, so that the lines of the drawing became raised. They were then inked and pressed against paper. これは 理由では ないから、 (~のときに、何 が原因か は不明) The woodcut method spread rapidly in the late Middle Ages when pictures were rarity. At first, skilful craftsmen made the woodcuts, but before long, eminent artists were themselves cutting their own drawings in wood. One of the first was the German Albrecht Duerer (1479-1528) who, in 1498, published the famous pictorial series of the Revelation of St. John. Graphics had become an independent art form-based on the progress of precision 酒の mechanics! 可動式の The 1440s saw the first book printed with movable die-cast type. (The letter press printing method used by Johann Gutenberg (1399?-1468) was basically the same as the one used for printing woodcuts, but Gutenberg used cast, movable type instead of cut blocks. The production of dies for the type was made possible by the tools of precision mechanics, too. It does not detract from Gutenberg's contribution that printing with movable type has been practised in the Far East, or more specifically Korea, two thousand years prior to this. Several of the techniques described here, which developed so quickly during the technical revolution of the Renaissance, had had predecessors in other parts of the world. ' 金楼 にねじ を刻む 道具 ~をなら K あったもの

本文下から2行目のone part～のところなのですがstoryは複数形にしなくて良いのでしょうか？one of the 複数名詞の形があるのでその考え方で複数形にしなくてはならないのではないかと思いました。

C それほどに 目立った 救う 負わる せつやく! them We humans are nothing if not talkative. Indeed, it's one of our most salient characteristics as a species. But exactly how we came to be ® うちとけるより少なくこ より少なくこそれほどいてない 「 xbecond do so chatty is less obvious. Despite decades of research into the subject, anthropologists* are still struggling to reconstruct the chain of events 再構成・ V³ that produced our unique oral capabilities. Now the results of a new study suggest that one part of the story they thought they had nailed* in fact needs revision. √3 *anthropologist 人類学者 *nail 特定する Swincy Ithat Part of ば 羊のみてとか 使えない V3 that 今回目的格なので 固定す 入っていてもOK.

写真１枚目の英文（上から９段目）に質問です。 ここでのprovideは、provide O（laboratory） O（models）ですか？

英文 of 1 The one-two research punch that allowed the creation designer mice has earned the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Mario Capecchi, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, Oliver Smithies of 5 the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and Martin Evans of Cardif University, U.K., will share the prize for developing the techniques to make knockout mice, animals that lack a specific gene or genes. Such mice have allowed scientists to learn the roles of thousands of mammalian genes and provided laboratory models of human afflictions

最後の方に、 嚢胞繊維症の遺伝子を欠いたマウスを作った とあり、そのあと、 人間の病気を模すために とかいてありますが、 なぜ嚢胞繊維症患者のためにわざとそれを欠いたマウスを作るんですが？あまりうまく想像できません。 癌に例えるなら、悪性のがん細胞を持ってないマウスをわざと... 続きを読む

握り Evans's lab learning the techriology. // へと競う Every biologist soon wanted a favorite genpunched out, and a Chandful of companies quickly began competing with places such as the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine, to provide knockout strains Have knocked out at least 11,000 genes in mice, observing what goes wrong to drug companies and academic labs. To date researches 77 生中 今日に至るきび in 70 development or adulthood and thereby gaining a sense of what the gene does/ By deactivating specific genes this way, for example, Capecchi and his colleagues went on to identify ones that shape limbs, organs, and the overall mammalian body plan/ Both Smithies and Evans /developed mice lacking the cystic fibrosis gen one of many kneekoat gene mouse 75 strains oreated to mimic a human illness/ Indeed, there is now a worldwide effort to knock out every mouse gene. 成熟期 (Science, October 12, 2007 より引用 一部改変) 筑波大) * in fact : 実は,それどころか cystic fibrosis:嚢胞性線維症 人間の病気を模すために

写真三枚目の波線部についてです。 本来与えられた正常に機能する遺伝子 とかいてありますが、本来、のニュアンスとはどこからきているんですか？

hi 56 18 Capecchi and Smithies both quickly saw that ES cells offered an opportunity to generate live animals with a desired mutation in every cell. Researchers could target genes in ES cells and then sort out the

4段落の一文目の文型、構造を教えてください

cluding tropical areas. 10 4 The scientists found that in areas as (with high-intensive agriculture and considerable climate warming, the number of insects decreased by half compared to natural habitats. The affected areas also saw a 30 percent drop in the number of species. 5 The researchers say insects play an important role in maintaining ecosystems. They are calling for urcent notic

英検準一級ライティング問題です。 添削お願いします。 字数稼ぎのコツも教えてくださるとうれしいです！ よろしくお願いします。

・20年度第2回 Topic Agree or disagree : More needs to be done to so 98 Point • Accident 116 agree Reason I Crime Food 技術が発達する。 No. •Technology Date 120~150語 be done to improve public safety 2014 125 130 ho 警察官のパトロールや出動によって被害を少なくすることが できる。もしなかったら、たくさんの事件が起こってしょう。 Iona (= 1 7 11 3 11 312/5797 07130 薬の研究は私たちの寿命をのばすことにつながる I agree with more needs to be done To To improve public safety. There are two points to support my opinion. First, there will be less crime, because, police of patrol and they go to the place which happen incidents. I can be less. It it were not for public safety, it would causes crime. Second, technology is improving, Reserchers are able to study a lot by support from our government. For example, medicine's research is Connect to extend our life time and automation's study is easy to our life. So, improving public safely is more convinience than fall into one, I According to the reasons stated above, I think that more needs to be done to improve public safety, And, it become improve public safety is cunvinience

和訳最初のほうの、ワンツーパンチ級の研究、の意味がわからないです。すごい、みたいな感じですか？

テーマ 9 専門性☆☆☆/英文レベル★★ | ノックアウト･マウス [英文] 11 The one-two research punch that allowed the creation of designer mice has earned the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.Mario Capecchi, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, Oliver Smithies of 5 the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and Martin Evans of Cardiff University, U.K., will share the prize for developing the techniques to make knockout mice, animals that lack a specific gene or genes. Such mice have allowed scientists to learn the roles of thousands of mammalian genes and provided laboratory models of human afflictions 10 in which to test potential therapies.」

この文について、まず冒頭部の、パンチして潰したがる、の意味がわかりません。それと74行目の（英文の）和訳が、多様な系統、となっているんですが、これは、様々な、でもいいんですか？

659 Every biologist soon wanted a favorite gene punched out, and a handful of companies quickly began competing with places such as the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine, to provide knockout strains to drug companies and academic labs/To date, researchers have knocked out at least 11,000 genes in mice, observing what goes wrong in 70 development or adulthood and thereby gaining a sense of what the gene does. By deactivating specific genes this way, for example, Capecchi and his colleagues went on to identify ones that shape limbs, organs, and the overall mammalian body plan. Both Smithies and Evans developed mice lacking the cystic fibrosis gene one of many knockout mouse 75 strains created to mimic a human illness. Indeed, there is now a worldwide effort to knock out every mouse gene. (Science, October 12, 2007 より引用 一部改変) (筑波大・後期) *in fact : 実は、それどころか cystic fibrosis: 嚢胞性線維症 を作 E