Question

Mina

青で線を引いた部分の文の構成がわかりません。文の要素の説明して欲しいです🙇‍♀️

will interest anyone who has recently attendeda class reunion - or plans to. Bahrick and
記憶」に関する英文だよ。パラグラフごとに内容を確認しながら読んでみよう。
the 1970s, the noted psychologist Harry Bahrick conducted a landmark study th.
Is "colleagues asked hundreds of former high school students to look back at th
yearbooks and see whether they could remember the faces of their classmates. What tho
5 discovered is (ア)proof of the power of human memory. For decades after graduation t.
memory of fofmer students for the faces of their classmates was nearly undamaged. Evos
after nearly half a century had passed, the former students could still recognize seventw
three percent of faces of their classmates.
But when it came to names, Bahrick found, memories were much worse; after nearly fif..
10 years the former students could remember only eighteen percent of their classmates
names. Names, for whatever reason, donot stick very well in our memories, or they stick
only partway, causing us to call our brother-in-law Bob, Rob, or to mistake the author
Ernest Hemingway for the actor Ernest Borgnine.
Why should we remember faces, but not the names that go with them ? Part of the answer
15 is that (イWhen it comes to memory, meaning is king, Our long-term memory, even for things
we've seen thousands of times, is limited. It is prúmarily *semantic, which means that in
most daily instances of.remembering what_we mist recallis meaning, not surface details.
Take the common *penny, for instance. How well do you think you can remember its
features ? In a well-known test, two researchers, Raymond Nickerson and Marilyn Adams.
20 asked just such a question. The answer they got surprised them - and may surprise you.
In the test, Nickerson and Adams asked twenty people to do something that sounds
really easy: from memory, draw the front and back of a penny. After the drawings were
done, Nickerson and Adams graded them to determine how accurately the participants had
drawn eight critical features, like the placement of Lincoln's profile on the front of the coin
25 and the placement of the Lincoln Memorial on the back.
The results wereA
Of the twenty people tested, only one - an *avid penny collector 一 accurately recalled
and located all eight features. Of the eight features, the average number recalled and
located correctly was just_three. Interestingly, the most frequently forgotten feature was
30 the word “LIBERTY," which appears on the front of the coin, to the left of Lincoln's profile.
The findings from the penny-drawing test were
conducted a series of follow-up tests to try to confitm what was going on here. Among othe=
things, they wondered: If people couldn't recall exactly what a penny looks likeg would the
(at least be able to tell the real thing from a fake ?
To find out, they showed a new group of people fifteen drawings of the heads side of
penny. Only one of the drawings was accurate; the rest were not. The participants' job w
to pick the right one.
Again, the results were disappointing.
the right one.
NT
ONTO
POINT
B
|enough that Nickerson and Adam:
POINT
C
than half of the people in the study picls
(51
注)*colleague =同僚
*vearhook
京竜アル

Answer 1

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ののののの

It is primalily semantic,

itは普通の代名詞「それ」で、
前文の主語Our long-time memory（「我々の長期記憶」）を指しています。
「我々の長期記憶は主に意味に関わるものなのである」

,which means <that (in most daily instances of remembering) <what we must recall> is meaning, not surface details.>

まず
,which means that〜
は、カンマありの関係代名詞（非制限用法）です。
でも、前に名詞がないじゃん、先行詞が無いじゃんと思いますよね。
カンマありの関係代名詞は、主節の内容全体を先行詞として取ることができます。この文の場合It is primalily semantic という主節全体を関係代名詞で受けているということです。
だから

[主節] であって、それはthat〜を意味している

という感じの訳になります。
もう少し意訳すると、

[主節]、つまりthat〜ということである

とかでもいいです。

ここから先、文末までが
means thatの　that節の中身になります。

in most daily instances of remembering
勘違いしやすいですが、rememberは「覚えている」「記憶している」という意味です。
「覚える」とか「思い出す」とかではありません。
ここのrememberingは動名詞で「覚えていること/もの」ということですが、「記憶（していること）」と訳せばいいでしょう。

「記憶についての日常の例のほとんどの場合において」

<what we must recall> is meaning, not surface details.

recallは「思い出す」
rememberとの違いに注意

< >がS、isがV、meaning, not surface detailsがC
meaningとnot surface detailsは同格です。
not A but Bを B, not A と書いているだけです。
AでなくB

meaningはここでは動名詞として使っています。
is meaningで進行形、とかではありません。
なぜかというと２つ根拠があって
① meaning, not surface detailsはnot surface details but meaningのことです。
この形で考えると、meaningはsurface details という名詞のまとまりと、等位接続詞butで繋がれています。接続詞の前後は文法的に同じものが来ないといけないので、meaningも名詞だとわかります。

②2つ前の文にmeaning is king という文があります。このmeaningは主語だから明らかに名刺として使っているので、筆者はmeaningという言葉は名詞として使おうとしているという意識が読み取れます。

「私たちが思い出さないといけないことは、表面上の細かいことではなく、意味である」

まとめると

我々の長期記憶は主に意味に関わるものである。
それはどういうことかというと、つまり
日常生活で起こる記憶についての例の、ほとんどの場合において、我々が思い出さないといけないのは、表面上の細かいことではなく意味なのだ、ということである。

ってな感じかなぁ。

Mina

いっぱい説明してくださってありがとうございました！わかりやすかったです！