第2パラグラフめの、和訳で言う、医薬品認可機関のところらへんについて質問です 。ここの英文を見ると as drug approval~ のas って何用法なんでしょうか？

テーマ 専門性★★★ *. 24 ヘルシンキ宣言 英文 ①②つなぎ方 demands that the physician use every means possible to cure the 1 The ultimate ethical standard among the medical profession - but does this apply in a clinical trial, which is patient's illness understood to be experimental, not treatment? In a clinical trial, tension exists at the beginning between gaining knowledge that can be used in the longer term to benefit the public health, and the basic right of the patient to receive treatment. 112 For the scientific profession, the ultimate standard is to produce results that withstand scrutiny. For physicians and researchers, the 'gold 10 standard' in testing new drugs is a placebo-controlled study* in which some of the patients receive no treatment at all. These standards present an ethical dilemma as drug-approval agencies tend to lean toward the need for clear scientific data, which is best gained when a drug is tested against a control, or placebo. Furthermore, it becomes harder to 15 convince patients in First World countries to participate in drug trials when there may be a 30-50% chance of receiving only a sugar pill instead of a helpful medicine. 13 As

２パラグラフ目の和訳の、 可能性が30~50％あるかもしれないというので の、ので、が英文中のどこからきたのかわかりません、、訳していく中で自然とそうなるんですかね？

テーマ 専門性★☆★ 英文レベル★★★☆ 24 ヘルシンキ宣言 英文 ①② つなぎ方 11 The ultimate ethical standard among the medical profession demands that the physician use every means possible to cure the patient's illness-but does this apply in a clinical trial, which is understood to be experimental, not treatment? In a clinical trial, tension 5 exists at the beginning between gaining knowledge that can be used in the longer term to benefit the public health, and the basic right of the patient to receive treatment. 12 For the scientific profession, the últimate standard is to produce results that withstand scrutiny. For physicians and researchers, the 'gold 10 standard' in testing new drugs is a placebo-controlled study* in which some of the patients receive no treatment at all. These standards present an ethical dilemma as drug-approval agencies tend to lean toward the Kneed for clear scientific data, which is best gained when a drug is tested against a control, or placebo. Furthermore, it becomes harder to 15 convince patients in First World countries to participate in drug trials when there may be a 30-50% chance of receiving only a sugar pill instead of a helpful medicine.

シス単です！ 1番や2番が同志だと思ったのですがなぜ形容詞なのですか？

76 □ subject [sÁbdzikt] 1. People are subject to the law. 2. I am subject to illness. 3. Let's change the subject. 4. My favorite subject is math. 5. the subject of the experiment 人は法に支配される 私は病気にかかりやすい 話題を変えよう abo book a 名好きな学科は数学です その実験の被験者 83 store store

マーカーの部分の文構造を教えていただきたいです🙇‍♀️

④よ歴を 25 30 Quite the contrary. His picture, his version of events, is formed before he begins to write or even to research. I am told [that scientists do much the same]. be told tell 0, 02 のO2) experiments to confirm their ideas. They conduct They do not sit there waiting for ideas to 分詞構文 (付帯状況) Similarly the historian is after details to thicken up his picture fall from the sky. Sometimes the opposite 6 ⑦ and make it look convincing. Usually he finds them. thicken と make を並列

下から3行目のfirst few secondについてfirstもfewも形容詞としてsecondにかかっていると考えたのですがこの考えが正しいのか教えて頂きたいです。

Lesson 4 certain that each man carries in his eye the exact indication of his rank 広大な in the immense scale of men, and we are always learning to read it.' Indeed, psychological experiments suggest that we make judgements of each other's social status within the first few seconds of meeting. no wounder wonder ( B ) first impressions count, and ("DB") we feel social evaluation anxieties!

9行目のitが何を指しているかということと、have been thinkingが完了進行形の受動態として使われているのか、be動詞の完了形でthinkingが名詞として使われているのかわからないので教えて頂きたいです。 よろしくお願いします。

10 5 おかれる a 不気味 71 1/In a disgusting series of experiments in the early 1960s, a surgeon in America cut open the heads of monkeys and removed their brains. サ ◎Then he placed each brain on an apparatus specially designed to V3 C 機能する supply it with nutrients that would keep it alive] It seemed to work. (1) VS 0 C Brain waves were produced as they would be from a living brain 文理由 (付帯も precace 「被っているので省略さ ことが多 lasは前のもので内容が However deprived of any kind of sensory input no sights nor sounds, つまり no tastes nor smells, no touching nor feeling, no pleasure nor pain its thinking must/necessarily have been limited to memories and したにちがいない abstractions. Indeed, it may not have been thinking at all. <In most してないかもしれない animals, partial sensory deprivation can lead to hallucinations*, and ☆文を切りはす 狂気 extreme deprivation to madness, the “thoughts” of the monkey's brain can Fed lead to よくこびmay not have been meaningful or clear thoughts, but nerve cells firing randomly. M XC 1つの出来事 動名

2行目のyoungについてです。名詞は冠詞がつくか、複数形になるかすると認識していたのですがここでのyoungは複数形にしなくて良いのですか？

12 S 取りしまる Some of these sites are involved in regulating maternal behaviors ①動名詞 V3 部位と Some Vz 手入れ しかし such as building nests, grooming young and protecting them from 不可 前 ( 3 ). Other affected regions, though, control memory, learning, and a V³ responses to fear and stress. Recent experiments have shown that V3

この段落の上から 4行目のspinというのは、 和訳中のどこに当たるのでしょうか？実験結果をそのように（楽観視）置いた くらいでしょううか？

ERL 土でく rep 14 Some think that the problems are simply technical: repairing a rat's string-thin spinal cord is a complicated experiment to copy. Others argue that, in some cases, eager scientists have put an over-optimistic 30 spin on their results. These accusations are hotly disputed, but some researchers privately fear that the expectation of high-profile patient. advocacy groups may be inadvertently creating an atmosphere in which problems are likely to occur. Certainly, some researchers admit to feeling under pressure to perform. "If patients phone you three or four 35 times a year and you can't tell them anything new, that's a pressure says Isabel Klusman of the University of Zurich in Switzerland. 15 Exploring these issues is difficult, as no one wants to be no

なぜwhichはダメなのですか？

(1d)- In spite of all these advantages, however, the Wright brothers might not have succeeded had they not been born at precisely the right moment in history. Attempts to achieve manned flight in the early nineteenth century were doomed because the steam engines that powered the aircraft were too heavy in 35 proportion to the power that they produced. But by the end of the nineteenth century, ( 4 4 ) the brothers were experimenting with engineering options, a relatively light gasoline engine had already been invented, and they were able to bring the ratio of weight to power within acceptable limits for flight. 40

3行目のon objectがどう言った意味で使われているのか分からないのと、次の文のToがどう言った意味を持っているのか教えて頂きたいです。

細かい部分 11 Another invention dates back to older days. The physicist C. V. Boys had a gift for creating tools for his experiments. In 1887, he wanted to create a very fine piece of glass to measure the effects of delicate physical forces on objects. He built a special crossbow and created small arrows called bolts with it. To one bolt he attached heated glass, and he fired the bolt. As the bolt flew toward its target, it pulled a tail of fiber from the glass. In one of his shots, ホル Boys produced a long, thin piece of glass that stretched almost 90 feet. don@