Question

saya

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答え教えていただけると嬉しいです😭

間    JH OUT culture, where the use ot dictionaries 1S WideSDread。many
people may have the impression that a word's meaning is simply its dictionary
definition.A little thought should show however, that there must be more to
meaning than this. It is true that when someone wants to find out what き
Word means, an easy and practical way to do it is to look the word up ina
dicionary. Most people in our caltare accept dictionaries as providing
unauestionably authoritative accounts of the meanings of the words they
define.

[2] Thenoleof dictionaries/ in our society as authorities on meaning
1eads many people to feel that the dicionary dehnition of a word more
accurately represents the word's meaning than does an individual speaker's
nderstanding of the word. Keep in mind/ however。 that the people who
write dictionaries arrive at their definitions by studying the ways speakers of
the language use different words. Some dictionaries are relatively
prescriptive\、 others more descriptive* but all must face the fact that a word
means what people use it to mean。 There simply is no higher authority than
the general community of native speakers of the language. This is obyiously
the position one must take in descriptive analysis、 but even in prescriptive
grammar, words cannot be given strange defimitions that dont correspond to
actual uses of those words by the speech community. A word's meaning is
determined by the people who use that word, not by a dictionary-

[3] The iqea that a dictionary definition is all there is to a word's
meaning runs into even more serious problems when one considers that im
order to understand the dictionary definition of a word, one must know the
meanings of the words used in that definition: For example. 下 the word
ecfo7xere is defined as 'a blastomere that develops into ectoderm'、one must

ee he 0 Me 0 Pd Side

understand the definition. Not only that。 but one must also understand the
Words の 6 deueops, and jpfo (as well as the principles for interpretation
of English syntactic\ constructions). One may take this abihty for granted。
but it is necessary for understanding definitions nonetheless*。

[4] Taword's meaning is its dictionary defsnition, then understanding
this meaning involves understanding the meanings of the words used in the
defsnitions. But understanding the meanings of these words must involve
understanding the meanings of the words im 7がer defnitions. And
understanding ese definitions must involye understanding the words they
use。 which of course would have to involve understanding eVen mmore
defimitions. The process is never-ending.

[5 ] 。 Sometimes the cireulariey* of a set of dicionary definitions is
apparent by looking up just a few words. For instance, one Pnglish dictionary
defines gioize as being or having the nature of a deity*。 but defines dezfy as
*divinity。 Another defines pyzde as the quality or state of being proud'、 but
defines proud as feeling or showing pride. Rxamples hke these are especialy
graphic*。but essentialy the same problem holds for any dictionarystyle
definition。 Dictionaries are written to be of practical aid to people who
already speak the language, not to make theoretical claims abouE
of meaning. People can and do learn the meanings of some
dictionary defsnitions, so 辻 would be unfair to say that such de
completely unable to characterize the meanings of wordsD

clear that dictionary defnitions cant be all there is to the meam

Words in a language.

問。 本文の内容を踏まえて, 次の英文 ⑩-(G の低所[| 1 |一| 7 ] に和
るのに最も適当なものを, それぞれ下の⑳⑩一⑳のうちから選べ。

 

                   
   
 
  

(W According to the first pape
0⑩ even the best di

'e simpler than dic誠onaries suggest, if we give it some

6naries cannot c聞tare all that a word might mean
@ mostwords』g
thought
⑲ people We set up authorfattve onine accounts to recognize good
dictionaries

(⑳ people shonld not consutt dictionaries to Rnd word meanings

Aon of dictionaries as

   
  
  
 
  

(B) According to the second pam

 

 

 

authoritative makes pegge believe that they | 2

 

(⑩ are written by4Wnguage authorities and leadingcholars

curate meanings than ordinary p6ople can

 

give more
⑧⑳ help us属nderstand subtle differences      reen words
(⑳ Hist mostof_the words that people wWe in their daily lives

(C) Tn the second paragraph. the author claims that dictionaries、 whether

ve, should

 

    
  
  

they are prescriptive or descri
anguage use

include non-native Wsages that nativeSpeakers consider wrong

not reflect the actu和l uses of the language
eakers actually use the word

⑤@@@ぐ@ら@

take into considerati