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Lesson 6
Ashura A Statue with Thres Faces一

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Take a Moment to Think

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6    人 You been to Nara2 What do You like most about Nara?
ロ     o you know ョanything about Ashura?

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Why do you think we have so many Buddhist statues in this country?

Tn 2009 an exhibition of Buddhist statues was held in Tokyo, and later in Kyushu. Itwasa

remarkable success, With over 1.650,000 visitors. The most popular feature was the statue
with three faces: Ashura.

In Nara Park you can see the Five-Storied Pagoda of Kofukuji Temple. On the temple
grounds is the Kofukuji National Treasure Museum, and this is where you can find one of the
best-known Buddhist statues in Japan: Ashura.

Kofukuji Temple was built by the Fujiwara family when Nara became the capital in 710.
It was one of the “Four Great Temples" of Nara.

Im 734 Empress Komyo established a hall to remember her mother and enshrined 28
statues. Among them are the 万acが7めsu the protectors of Buddha. There is a story that
Ashura was once a cruel warrior, constantly fighting with 7g7sカarたu7e7. Later, he woke up to
see the truth, repented, and became one of the protectors. From earliest times, people have
prayed to the 刀acカめusZg for healing and purification.

Through the centuries, many of the buildings and statues at Kofukuji Temple have been
destroyed by fre, war, and natural disasters. However, Ashura and the other 万acのusカu
have survived to the present day. One of the reasons for their survival is that they are hight
and could be easily carried when there was an emergency. Ashura, for instance, is 153
centimeters tall but wejghs only about 15 kilograms.

How do you make such light statues? First, you make a wooden frame and then you put
clay around it. Then you wrap it in cloth soaked in 1acquer and let it dry. You repeat this
process several times. Next,. you remove both the clay and the wood, leaving a hght, hollow
statue. Lastly, you put a hght wooden frame inside for support and add details using wood

powder mixed with lacquer. This method, which is called gaたたazsg たgs777sg (dry lacquer),
was introduced by artists from Korea, who are thought to have made Ashura and the other
7gc/7のgp.

The statue of Ashura you see now has survived nearly 1.300 years: the original colors
have changed and cracks have developed on its faces. You may want to know what Ashura
looked like at the time it was first created in 734. It is possible to find out. All you need to
do is to visit the Nara National Museum, where you can see a replica of Ashura in its origmal

colors.
The replica wears a golden ornament, which shows some influence from ancient Greece、

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The sash over its shoulder may remind you of ancient India. The red s

Suggest that Ashura had some connection with the sun god of ancient に  RE
The frst Buddhist statues were made jn Gandhara, or present-day Pakstan,

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century, under the influence of ancient Greek art. In the following 3 宣明徐客
empires came into contact with Central Asia, the Middle East and the West.
mfiuence led the Chinese to ook at art in a new way, which eventually had a great mpac

Japanese art.

Ashura is very different from the other 万acカめpsp For one thing, he has three faces
and six arms. For another, he is wearing a sash, while the other statues are wearing armor.
But above all, Ashura 1ooks Hfelike, with human expressiOns on his faces. In fact, he seems
to have something on his mind--but what is 1t?

Harashima Hiroshi, who studies facia1 expressions, has an idea. He calls your attention
to the eyes in Ashura's three faces.   you ook at the three faces from the le紅 to the right and
to the front, you will notice that the eyes go up. Harashima says that this change shows
Ashura becoming mature. The eft face shows Ashura as a young angry man. His rijght face
expresses pain and regret. His central face shows repentance.

As you stand face to face with Ashura, you may find yourself wondering what he is trying
to tell you. And so have many others over the years.

People have worshipped in front of him to repent and to pray for purifcation.。 Like a
gentle friend and teacher, Ashura has guided them through this process. Perhaps one of the
reasons why so many are attracted to this statue after nearly 1.300 years is that it g1Ves
people a sense of healing which is much needed in an age of uncertainty.

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Q-1 What did Empress Komyo do to remember her mother?
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Q-9 What does Harashima 有Hiroshi study?
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@⑩-10 What does Harashima see in the central face of Ashura?

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@-11 Why do people worship in front of Ashura?
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