1. It took me almost a month to get over my cold. ※it take 人 時間 to ~ 人が~するのに時間がかかる
2. I have a friend who is good at playing baseball. ※be good at ~ing ~するのが上手である
3. Give her something hot to drink. ※何か暖かい飲み物:something(代名詞) hot(形容詞) [to drink](不定詞・形容詞的用法)
4. <How long> [do you think] <it'(S)'ll take(V) to go to the hospital>? <間接疑問文:平叙文の語順)>
※Do you think?+<How long will it take to go to the hospital?>(疑問文)= How long [do you think] it''ll take to go to the hospital?
5. I can't remember his name for the life of me. ※for the life of me:どうしても<否定を強調する口語表現>
参考にしてください。