Question

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至急！！私立大学看護学部の過去問です。答えがないため、回答を作って欲しいです！！科目は英語です。

問題番号に対応
効とする。
うち受験票お
researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria, have found.
Dogs won't give food to a human, even if that person gave them some food first,
and that they would help other dogs that had helped them before. Therefore, the team
Previous studies have shown that dogs can recognize cooperative and uncooperative humans,
"reciprocal altruism"- that is, doing a good thing in return to a human who had given
expected to find that their test subjects would put these two things together and show
To start, the team trained a group of 37 dogs to press a button which would activate a
them food first.
*enclosure with the dispenser, while one of
(2)
two humans was in a separate enclosure with the button. One would press the button to
food dispenser. Then, they put each dog in an
would not. Each dog was paired with both humans in
give food to the dog, and
(4)
unhelpful one.
turn. After that, the researchers switched over the button and the dispenser. They expected
that the dogs would press the button to give food to the helpful human but not to the
though the dogs did press the button, they did it just as often
when either human had the food dispenser, and even when no human was there at all. "In
these kinds of studies (5) [perform / to / dogs / which/ trained / are in a particular
behavior for an experiment, they will usually do the behavior a few times as they have
simply learned the association between the behavior and getting a reward, and it may be
enjoyable for them to do the behavior," said Jim McGetrick, a PhD student at the University
of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna who led the research.
身を正しく
が本冊子
1番
2 次の英文を読んで下の設問に答えなさい。
(3)
giving us some food? Are they
a combination of reasons. "It is
(6)
Why wouldn't our best pals want to help us out by
secretly all bad boys and girls? McGetrick believes there is
possible that the dogs did not understand enough about the task to realize that only one of
the humans was providing them with food," he said. It could also be because they didn't
fully understand the button and dispenser system, or because they were too focused on the
food to notice whether a particular human was pressing the button or not. "Having said all
that, even if they did completely understand the task and were fully attentive to the actions
of the humans, there is still a good possibility that they wouldn't have given food back in
return," he added. "It could be that providing food to
a dog as they do not typically do that in everyday life." After all, humans are the ones who
human is something very strange for
(7)
already have food, from a dog's perspective.
why would your pet need to worry about
(8)
making sure you have enough?
However, all the humans in the study were people the dogs didn't know. "It is quite
5

245
possible that the results reflect the bond (or lack of a bond) between the dogs and the
humans in the study,” said McGetrick. So yes, your pup really does love you, and it's
possible they'd help you out when you're in hot water, too.
(9)
出典: Dogs won't give you food, even if you gave them some first,
Sara Rigby, Science Focus, July 2021 一部改編
(注) *enclosure 「囲い地」
問1
下線部(1)の説明として最も適当なものを
のうちから一つ選びなさい。
次のa~d
a. The dogs would recognize humans who were uncooperative and take those humans'
food away.
b. The dogs would put the cooperative people together with other dogs that had helped
them before.
吾
c. Uncooperative people would only be given food after the cooperative people received
theirs from the dogs.
d. The dogs would notice which humans had given them food and would then return
the favor.
問2 下線部(2)の表す意味として最も適当なものを、次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。 15
a.close up
b. cut off
d. shut down
c. turn on
b. someone
14
問3 空所(3)に入る語(句) として最も適当なものを次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。
16
a. the other
c. another
d. others
問4 空所(4)に入る語として最も適当なものを,次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。 17
b. Surprisingly c. Hopefully
d. Luckily
a. Thankfully

間 5
】内の語を意味が通るように並べかえるとき, 並べかえた語のうち2番目と5番目
にくるものの組み合わせとして最も適当なものを、次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。
(5) 【
18
a
b
a.
2番目
are
which
c. dogs
d
which
5番目
perform
to
to
trained
間6
下線部(6)の表す内容に含まれないものを、次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。
19
The dogs couldn't tell that only one person had been giving food to them the whole
time.
b. How the button and dispenser system works was not fully understood by the dogs.
c. The button and dispenser system was so fun for the dogs to play with they didn't
care which humans got food.
d. The dogs were focused on the food too much to notice who was giving it to them.
問7 下線部(7)の説明として最も適当なものを、次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。 20
a. Typically, dogs only help out other dogs.
b. It is not something that comes naturally to dogs.
c. Dogs do not like humans as much as previously believed.
d. Dogs are not able to take any experiments seriously.
問8
下線部 (8)の表す内容として最も適当なものを、次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。
a. ペットは,なぜ飼い主のあなたが必要十分に食べていることを確認しようとしたのか
b. 飼い主のあなたが十分に持っているものについて、なぜかペットは心配して必ず確認したもの
だった
21
c. 飼い主のあなたが確実に十分な食事をしているかどうしてペットが心配する必要があるだろ
うか
d. ペットは, 飼い主のあなたが十分に食べていることを確信しているのに,なぜ心配する必要が
あったのか
問9 下線部(9)の意味として最も適当なものを、次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。
a. in trouble
b. in a game
c. in a hurry
d. in the end
22
問10 本文の内容として最も適当なものを、次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。
23
The researchers are certain that dogs would have given food to humans that the
dogs know.
a
b. Some of the dogs in the experiment were bad dogs, so they did not give food to
humans who gave them food first.
c. The researchers found that the dogs would only push the button when a person was
close to the food dispenser.
d. The dogs gave food to humans who hadn't given them any food just as often as to
the humans who had.
I

英語 長文