回答

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(1) (Spoken(過去分詞) to by a foreigner, she) was at a loss.
普通の文:When(接続詞) she [was spoken](受動態) to by a foreigner, she was at a loss.
(2) (Not having anything better to do), Nancy watched a quiz show on TV.
普通の文: As(接続詞) she didn't have anything better to do, Nancy watched a quiz show on TV.
(3) My grandmother (has trouble reading the small letters of a newspaper). ※have trouble ~ing ~するのに苦労する
(4) (There was not enough time left) to solve the problem.
※there was not enough time(十分な時間はなかった)+left(過去分詞:残された)+to solve the problem(その問題を解くために)

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