Question

はし

これ読んだんですけど、自分は世界史を理解してなかったので分からなくて翻訳アプリ使ったんですけどそれでも分からなかったので分かる方できれば解読お願いします┏●

Denmark in
World War II
お んれ By Hannah Arendt
Hannab Arendt (1906-1975) was a political scientist!
and pbilosopber born in Hanover, Germany. Wben
Hitler came to power, sbe was forced to leave Germany
and came to the United States in 1940. Sbe continued
ber academic career by lecturing and teacbing at
arious colleges, including The New Scbool for Social
Researcb in New York City. Among the many books sbe
urote were Eichmann in Jerusalem, On Revolution,
and The Origins of Totalitarianism.
Editor's Insert
During the Second World War. the Germans invaded Denmark
in April, 1940. In the beginning of her essay, Hannah Arendt
explains that of the four countries almost completely immune to
anti-Semitism- Denmark, Sweden, Italy, and Bulgaria
Denmark challenged its German masters directly. As soon as the
German authorities talked about forcing Jews to wear the yellow
badge,' the Danes replied that all Danish citizens, including the
King, would be wearing it the next day if the policy were carried
out. In addition, all Danish government officials threatened 舌は
the German authorities with their immediate resignation if
the Germans started to implement any anti-Jewish actions. The
following excerpt from Eicbmann in Jerusatem shows how
the Danes sabotaged the German plan to carry out the mass
extermination of the Jews.
only
2タカ人の
What happened then was truly amazing; compared with what took place
in other European countries, everything went topsy-turvey. In August,
ー after the German offensive in Russia had failed, the Afrika Korns
1943
had surrendered in Tunisia, and the Allies had invaded Italy
すgovernment canceled its 1940 agreement with Germany which had
permitted German troops the right to pass through the country. Thereupon.
the Danish workers decided that they could help a bit in hurrying things そのうえに
up: riots broke out in Danish shipyards, where the dock workers refused
to repair German ships and then went on strike. The German militarv
commander proclaimed a state of emergency and imposed martial la
and Himmler thought this was the right moment to tackle the Te
the Swedish
す。
(continued on next page)
themselves as Jews
secret police), and overseer of the concentration camps

question, whose “solution" was long overdue. What he did not reckon
with was that -
the German
quite apart from the Danish resistance
officials who had been living in the country for years were no longer the
same. Not only did General von Hannecken, the military commander,
refuse to put troops at the disposal of the Reich plenipotentiary, Dr.
Werner Best; the special S.S. units (Einsatz-kommandos) employed in
Denmark very frequently objected to "the measures they were ordered
to carry out by the central agencies"
of Nuremberg. And Best himself, an old Gestapo man and former legal
adviser to Heydrich,* author of a then famous book on the police, who
had worked for the military government in Paris to the entire satisfaction
of his superiors, could not longer be trusted, although it is doubtful that
Berlin ever learned the extent of his unreliability.
Best went to Berlin and obtained a promise that all Jews from Denmark
would be sent to Theresienstadt’ regardless of their category - a very
important concession, from the Nazis' point of view. The night of October 1
was set for their seizure and immediate departure
the harbor l and sinee neither the Danes nor the Jews nor the German
troops stationed in Denmark could be relied on to help, police units
arrived from Germany fora door-to-door search. At the last moment, Best
told them that they were not permitted to break into apartments, because
the Danish police might then interfere, and they were not supposed to
fight it out with the Danes. Hence they could seize only those Jews who
voluntarily opened their doors. They found exactly 477 people,° out of a
total of more than 7,800, at home and willing to let them in. A few days
before the date of doom, a Germ
having probably been tipped off]
plan to Danish government of価dals,
the heads of the Jewish community. They, in marked contrast to Jewish
leaders in other countries, had then communicated the news openly in
the synagogues on the occasion of the New Year services. The Jews had
just time enough to leave their apartments and go into hiding, which
was very easy in Denmark, because, in the words of the judgment, "all
sections of the Danish people, from the King down to simple citizens,"
stood ready to receive them.
according to Best's testimony
2
ships were ready in
高5えること
とに
なて.3
shipping agent, Georg F. Duckwitz,
Best himself, had revealed the whole
who, in turn, had hurriedly informed
者に
っうだ
3Dr. Werner Best (1903-1989) served as civilian administrator of France and Denmark
while these countries were under Nazi occupation during World War II. At the
Nuremberg trials after the war, Best referred to his complicated "dual role." Although he
was extradited to Denmark and originally given the death penalty, he was soon reieased
from prison after an appeal based on the idea that "he had done his best."
*Reinhart Heydrich was a high-ranking Nazzi official during World War II, known as "the
hangman." He was one of the main architects of the Holocaust and was assassinated by
members of the Czech resistance in 1942.
STheresienstadt, Czechoslovakia: a transit camp, in Nazi propaganda billed as a “spa"
for elderly Jews. More than 33,000 people were killed there, and 90,000, including
children, were sent from there to death camps further east.
6 These 477 people went to Theresienstadt, and most of them were saved because of the
intervention of the Danish government and King Christian, who insisted they be seenby
the Red Cross.

world war