Question

ATB

問3について
④みたいな選択肢のとき、ついついwhenを
「～とき」と訳してしまいます。
模範解答は「いつ、他者のそばに立つべきか」と書いてあったのですが、なぜこのときはwhenを「いつ、～」と訳してるんですか？どういうときに「いつ」と訳せばいいんでしょうか？

あと、「～に立つべきか」とありますが、shouldみたいな要素は英文にはないけど、あると分かりやすいからつけてるという理解で良いですか？
(写真見にくくてすみません)

第6問(配点 24)
A
findings to your classmates.
social positions.
Personal Space and Culture
Hall also told an interesting story illustrating cultural influenee, He was Sitting
alone on a chair in the lobby of a hotel when an unfamiliar Arabian man came within
arm's length) The man looked as if he was waiting for someone and stood in front of
than an Asian person.
strangers.
him. Due to his personal space being violated, he felt very uncomfortable and tried
to show his discomfort, but the Arab did not seem to notice at all) Hall had no idea
why the man was standing so close, thinking that even in a public place like a hotel
lobby, someone's personal space should be respected by others. Afterward, when he
0 taik with your friends even when thev are closer than this distance. However, you
met his Arab friend, Hall asked why the man had acted so rudely. His friend said,
“That's just an American idea. Arabs believe that personal space does not exist for
anyone in a public place like a hotel lobby."
Furthermore, a distance of less than 1.5 feet (46cm) from you is called *“intimate
In a globalized society, knowledge of cultural influence on interpersonal distance
aistance." Since physical contact with others is likely to occur within this distance,
is necessary in daily life/ People from different cultural backgrounds have a personal
only those who have a very close relationship with you are allowed to come nearer
space of a different size, and it is very likely that you will mistakenly violate their
than that. By contrast, when you step into a stranger's space formed by intimate
personal space. This may sometimes cause(serious trouble, Therefore, understanding
distance, they may feel that you are trying to frighten them or physically attack them.
the sense of interpersonal distances in other cultures will help avoid conflict with
Hall classifies “personal distance” and “intimate distance” as someone's personal
others.
space.
The space outside of your personal space can also be divided into two types,
depending on the distance./ A distance of between 4 feet (1.2m) and 12 feet (3.7m)
from you is called “social distance," and a distance of more than 12 feet away from
you is called"distance." in non-situations, in
business or parties, place at a social . On the other
hand, a public distance is a public
speech. You also to keep this distance when meeting people in important
The point here is that , , the
same for all , but are by your or, , by
the culture you belong to. , that people in
South , in , space than people in
Asia, a South will allow a to get closer
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3- 30

LL
問1
Choose the best option for
39
on your poster.
Edward T. Hall
O a stranger's invasion of your personal space
a stranger's tendency to keep distyece from you
3 friends' preference to come
An American researcher on human
behavior and culture
to you
personal space
の friends' violation of your personal space
* One of his famous achievements:
Research on personal space
interpersonal
distance
on your poster.
40
What is personal space?
Choose the best option for
問2
* An invisible space surrounding you
A psychological barrier that protects
you from other people
→ You will be bothered by
① A new exchange studght
のA relative you are
3/A senior member of the same club)
Person
: avoidhg
Personal space and interpersonal distance
(View from above)
39
Your least favorite teachen
Seen between you and
Choose the best option for
41
on your poster.
Distance
問3
a person such as
Intimate distance:
less than 1.5 feet (46cm)
Your best friend
personal space
0) Different ideas about individual privacy
2 How to make people uncomfortable
③ Various way of using hotel facilities
Personal distance:
1.5 to 4 feet (46cm to 1.2m)
40
Social distance:
4 to 12 feet (1.2 to 3.7m)
A new acquaintance at a party )
のLWhen to stand hear another person
×(他人のそばになつき?
Qい7.他人のをば=立つべきか?
Public distance:
more than 12 feet (3.7m)
A government leader
making a speech
42
on your poster.
問4 Choose the best option for
Cases of cultural influence on personal space
1) Size of personal space
① be aware of other cultural standards )regarding interpersonal distances」
*Asians put more distance between themselves and strangers than South
Americans do.)
keep yourself inside another person's personal space
not cause a( strangen to violate your personal space mistakenly
2)
41
understand how to invade others' interpersonal distances
Arabs do not recognize personal space\for anyone in public places.
Conclusion
In a globalized society:
The sense of interpersonal distance is influenced by culture.
for a smooth social life.
42
Therefore, you should
3- 32

Answer 1

✨ ベストアンサー ✨

ルル

①I was reading a book when you called me.
②I don't know when he will come.

①と②の違いが分かりますか？
①のwhen以下は前半部分を修飾する副詞の働きをしています。副詞というのは修飾語なのでwhen以下がなくとも文が成立します。
②の文のwhen以下はknowという動詞の目的語、つまり名詞の働きをしています。目的語はSVOCのOにあたり文の要素ですのでwhen以下を省略することは出来ません。

①のようにwhen以下が副詞の働きをする場合は
「〜とき」と訳し、②のように目的語として働く場合は「いつ〜か」と訳します。

またshouldのような訳になってるのはwhenのような疑問詞と不定詞の複合した訳し方です。
I have a lot of things to do.
私はやるべきことがたくさんある。
不定詞にもこういうのありますよね？
これが疑問詞とセットになったと考えて下さい。
what to do 何をすべきか
when to do いつすべきか
where to go どこへ行くべきか
のような訳になります。

ATB

①は、接続詞のwhenだから、～とき、と訳し
②は、疑問副詞だから、いつ～と訳すということですよね。ありがとうございます！

Answer 2

ののののの

順番が前後しますが

>「～に立つべきか」とありますが、shouldみたいな要素は英文にはないけど、あると分かりやすいからつけてるという理解で良いですか？

when to standのtoのニュアンスです。
to不定詞の細かいニュアンスの話になるので、あまり細かく説明すると難しくなりすぎると思うのですが、

とりあえず
疑問詞+ to 不定詞　は
【何・いつ・どこ etc + 〜するべきか】
と理解してしまって構いません。
実際
when to stand near another person. は
when you should stand near another person.
に書き換えられます。

>なぜこのときはwhenを「いつ、～」と訳してるんですか？
まず大前提として、
「when to 不定詞」は「いつ〜すべきか」
という形で覚えるのが一般的で
その形を覚えていれば起きないミスだとは思います。

説明の都合上、例文に番号をつけます
①when to stand near another person.
②when you should stand near another person.
①②は説明したとおり、同じ意味の文を書き換えです。

この2つの文は、間接疑問文と言って、
文の途中に疑問文を入れた形なので、
「いつ〜」という風に疑問文的に訳すのが基本になると思いますが

間接疑問文を「〜とき」と訳すのは必ずしも間違いではありません。
the time when you should stand near another person.
というまとまりを考えてください。
the timeが名詞、when〜は関係副詞のまとまりです。

関係副詞の省略は
・先行詞を残して、関係副詞を省略
・先行詞である名詞を省略して、関係副詞を残す
どちらも可能ですよね。

だから
②when you should stand near another person.
はthe timeの省略で「〜するべきとき」と訳してもおかしくないし、その言い換えである
① when to stand near another person.
も同じように訳しても間違いでないです。

ATB

おかしくはないけど、
疑問詞+ to 不定詞　は【何・いつ・どこ etc + 〜するべきか】と理解するのが前提ってことですよね。
ありがとうございます！