Question

もひ

佐賀大学(平成31年度)の大門3の要約問題について質問です。
添削お願いします。

3 次の英文を読んで、その要旨を300字程度の日本語で書きなさい。句読点も字数に
含めるものとする。(30点)
Learning to interpret what others mean is complex. Because we learn early to
interpret meanings by the form of expression a person uses, there is much room for
misunderstanding. This may lead us to make value judgments and become convinced
that a speaker is insincere, dishonest, or disrespectful when we misread the intentions
or the significance of a message within a social setting.
One example of the need to use and understand socially appropriate messages is in
the determination of when a speaker has said no.
In many languages and societies,
people usually don't say no directly. Instead, they have less direct ways of expressing
refusal. The nonnative speaker needs to recognize the ways in which this is done.
For example, in Hispanic cultures it is considered inappropriate for servants to say no
directly to their employers. Instead, the social norm requires the servant to reply to a
request from an employer with the form manana. Although a literal translation of
manana is “tomorrow," the most frequently intended meaning for it in this situation is
simply “no." But, this is a polite no, since the request has not been refused directly,
just postponed. A nonnative employer will wait a long time for service if he or she
relies on the literal meaning of the word manana.
Still another example of misinterpretation has to do with who may initiate a
conversation.
In some Asian languages, such as Chinese, Japanese, or Korean,
children do not usually initiate conversations with adults and do not speak unless
spoken to.
In contrast, American children are free, and even encouraged, to initiate
conversations with adults. Similarly, whenever there is a perceived difference in
status for example, between student and teacher-the inferior usually does not

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initiate verbal contact.
So if you are a teacher, Asian students will generally not talk to
you unless you talk to them first.
This, incidentally, can create the mistaken
impression that Asians are passive or that they do not understand what is going on.
As foreign language learners, we need to be on the lookout for the appropriate way to
express ourselves. When native speakers get angry, look confused, or laugh at our
speech, it is probably because our way of expressing ourselves
inappropriate, rather
than grammatically incorrect.
We also need to be aware of our own possible
misinterpretations of others. If we find ourselves feeling confused or angry, we need to
back up and seek the source of the problem in the flow of conversation and the style of
our expression.
This process of interpretation and reinterpretation should not
discourage us, since even in our native language we continue to improve our means of
expression and techniques of understanding others throughout our lives.
(Adapted from Rubin and Thompson, How to be a More Successful Language Learner)
How to be a More Successful Language Learner by Joan Rubin, Irene Thompson, ©1994 Heinle, Cengage Learning.
Reproduced with permission of Cengage Learning SO.

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要約