Question

くまさん

わからないです

[5 次の英文を読み。 以下の設問に答えよ。 (配点 60点

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Your dog's ability to learn new tricks may be less a product

7aining (han of ther underlying *genetics

ch as
aral traits such
Among 101 dog *breeds, scientists found that certain behavioral

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2   S   dog behaviors
breeds、 While past studies have looked into the genetic foundations of

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for certain breeds、thiS research    published October 1 in *the /ァの

preeds and find a

 

な    is the first to investigate a wide diversity of

netic signal

 

behavioral

 

aly。 everyone knows that different dogs have 中作erent

        :   の   7ashington in
~ says Noah Snyder-Mackler, a geneticist at the University of Washing

 

 

      Ks                     の      Sa    *canines have lived
de "But we didnt know how much or why.” Humans and *canine

at least 15.000 years. But only within the last 300 years or so have

  

produced Yarieties such as Chihuahuas and Great Danes.
Snyder-Mackler and his colleagues considered how 101 dog breeds behave
while searching for genetic similarities among breeds sharing certain personality
graits. Data came from two dog genotype databases and from C-BARQ, a survey
好at asks owners to rank their pure-bred dog's "propensity for certain behaviors, hike
chasing or aggressiveness toward strangers. As a result the study didnt have

genetic and behavioral data from the same canine individuals, which could help
岳ghjjght rare genetic varjants that may be nonetheless important to diversity im
pehavjors.
“Tjeyre not perfect sources of data” says Clive Wynne, an animal behaviorist at
Arizona State Unjversity jn Tempe, who was not involved in the study. “But

allowed fhem to Jook at ots and lots of dogs.”

Using daa from over 14000 dogs described in C-BARQ, the researchers gave

each breed a score for 14 different behaviors, and then searched for overall genetic

simlarifies among breeds that had similar Scores. For traits such as aggression

foward sfrangers, franability and chasing, the researchers found that genes

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cared about         IO
1  ed 補電           re traits that people historical\*
Unive                     YAYS co-autt
of               nor Evan MacLe
RTiGOSSIR で           MacLean, a biologist at the
researche
ers then
Sought oi
yehavieral         Ut (SDecific genetic yariants that might contriDuie
differences  A                  拓  隊
    gatnst tho               <
6   電              nousands of variants, 131 stuck out 3S

SSSociated witt        6
n breei          1      WV
breeds'_ behavior. No single gene was overwhelmingly

th any behayior.
J   aVlOr、 Suggesti   コ  時
ggesting that breed behavioral diVerSity arISGS from

ex interplay of ma        R
むう     ITma  Y   seS    っ   時           1ff。
any genes in addition to environmental diHierenCeS.

 

 

iS study   8    0           8
y doesnt show 下 or how a genetic variant cauSeS 3 specitc

avior, it points   EC
S to certain variants that deserve fnrther research.

[ considered / for / geneS  important

 

of these variants were associated
(3

neurologica   7      2     1    ich is
に   ogical development and fanctiom which is “exactly what you would

 

tfor g    7    i    i     |     |      1【いd
genes you think might be involved jm atfecting behavior, SaYS Carlos

en's Hospital in Columbus Oho-

 

, a genomics researcher at Nationwide Childr

 

Dogs are a really powerful system for investigating the genetics Qt many trats

d breeding have simphitied ther g

 

because generations of domestication an                           enomeS"

Alvarez says. "This study ShoWs that_ behavior iS no ditterent.”

an importamt development tor

nts, but he added、 "dog OwnerS

Uy innate   an

WWynne agreed that the study marked

understanding how_dOgS take on certain temperanmc

shouldnt take it 6O me that their dogs personalitleS arc tota

There's stil an enOTmOUS a        ariatlon amOng inQviQual

mount of v

predetermined."*
indiviQual raWNer than eS &

So “an individual is better treated as an

s breed.”

dogS.

representatiVe  of it

9 一

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和半と

(往) genetics: 適伝的性質 brecd:品種
the yoceeggs の79e oyg7 Soriey 訪共同玉立協会引要生命科学販
anecdotaly 聞くところでは canine:夫 propensity:福敵

闘】 下線部1)を和訳せよ。

了                るか。
岡2 下線部2)に関する研究から、大の行動についてどのようなことが考えられ

本支に即して 40 字程度の日本語で説明せよ。

 

問き 下線細の[ 。 。 ] 内の放を並べ換えで, 文氷に合った英文を先記をよ。灯

は、 解谷用紙の所定欄に下線部分のみを記入すること>

問4 下線部(4を和訳せよ。

問5 Carios Aivarez によれば, 大が本文で述べられているような研究の対象としで

適しているのはなぜか。本文に即して 40 字程度の日本語で説明せよ<

  
    
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
 

問6 本文の内傘と一致するものを, 次のの⑦ーの中から1つ選び 記号で答えよ<
(ア Noah Snyder-Mackler believes we now know why humans and dogs have
jived together for a long tme.
(の CBARQ is a database created from the observations ot dog Q
regarding their dogs' behavior.                                        1
⑦ Pyan MacLean says most of the behavioral traits of dogs are detern

  

  
   
 

9おはya

environment
Clive Wynne adyises us to consider an