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EXAMPLE 9.1 Water Treatment Facility #3 Case The situation with the location and construction of the new WTF3 and associated transmission mains described in the chapter's introduction has reached a serious level because of recent questions posed by some city council members and citizen groups. Before going public to the city council with the analysis performed last year, the director of Allen Water Utilities has asked an engineering management consultant to review it and determine if it was an acceptable analysis and correct economic decision, then and now. The lead consultant, Joel Whiterson, took engineering economy as a part of his B.S. education and has previously worked on economic studies in the government sector, but never as the lead person. Within the first hour of checking background notes, Joel found several initial estimates (shown below) from last year for expected consequences if WTF3 were built. He realized that no viewpoint of the study was defined, and, in fact, the estimates were never classified as costs, benefits, or disbenefits. He did determine that disbenefits were considered at some point in the analysis, though the estimates for them are very sketchy. Joel defined two viewpoints: a citizen of Allen and the Allen Water Utilities budget. He wants to identify each of the estimates as a cost, benefit, or disbenefit from each viewpoint. Please help with this classification. Economic Dimension 1. Cost of water: 10% annual increase to Allen households 2. Bonds: Annual debt service at 3% per year on $540 million 3. Use of land: Payment to Parks and Recreation for shaft sites and construction areas 4. Property values: Loss in value, sales price, and property taxes 5. Water sales: Increases in sales to surrounding communities 6. M&O: Annual maintenance and operations costs 7. Peak load purchases: Savings in purchases of treated water from secondary sources Monetary Estimate Average of $29.7 million (years 1-5, steady thereafter) $16.2 million (years 1-19); $516.2 million (year 20) $300,000 (years 1-4) $4 million (years 1-5) $5 million (year 4) plus 5% per year (years 5-20) $300,000 plus 4% per year increase (years 1-20) $500,000 (years 5-20)

วิชา PRE380

2. A chemical company is considering options for eliminating harmless chemical sludge from the following 2 options. (1) Prepare the site for landfilling in the factory. This option requires the initial investment for purchasing the essential equipment 130,000 Baht. Each year there will also be a cost of landfill operation 95,000 baht per year. At the end of its service life of 3 years, the equipment used within the landfill site will have a salvage value of 20,000 baht. (2) Hire a chemical sludge removal contractor to remove sludge. The contract term must be 6 years. The cost of contract to be paid to the contractor are 110,000 Baht a year in year 1-2; 115,000 Baht in year 3; 120,000 Baht in year 4; 125,000 Baht in year 5; and 130,000 Baht in year 6. a) (13 marks) If the company finances the money for this project by borrowing from a bank in which the bank charges interest on loans at the rate of 3.86% per 6 months, compounded every month. Which option should this chemical company choose? b) (5 marks) The company executives believe that the option of establishing a landfilling site within the factory seems to be a more sustainable alternative for the company. If the selection in question a) above did not select the landfilling site option, please suggest how much the initial investment for purchasing the equipment should cost so that the landfill option would be selected (assume the same salvage value of the equipment)?

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Complete the text using the correct form of the verb in brackets. (learn) was inspired 2) Maria is an advocate for promoting cultural exchange. She enjoys 1) about diverse traditions and is determined to make a positive impact. Last summer, she (volunteer) at an international festival, an event dedicated to celebrating global cultures. She was eager 3) (meet) people from different backgrounds and also hoped to be part of the dance performances, a chance for her to showcase her love for dance. During the festival, Maria's main role was 4) prepo joy in 5) (assist) the performers. She found V.tube (ensure) (witness) (help) them prepare the stage. Her goal was 6) a seamless and enjoyable event for all attendees. Maria was excited 7) ad. the audience's reactions and applause. After the festival, Maria was motivated 8) events. She aspires 9) dreams of 10) (continue) her involvement in cultural (organize) her own cultural festival one day. She also (foster) understanding of diverse global cultures.

Present Perfect Continuous

9 Present Perfect Continuous (I've been cooking) 3 Here are some more examples: 1 We form the Present Perfect Continuous in this way: POSITIVE I/you/we/they have/'ve He/she/it been cooking. has/'s S NEGATIVE 1/you/we/they haven't He/she/it hasn't QUESTIONS Have 1/you/we/they he/she/it Has been cooking. }been cooking? (For details about -ing forms see Table C, on page 95.) 2 We use the Present Perfect Continuous for an action or situation that began in the past and continues until now: You're late! I've been waiting for you. We often use for and since with the Present Perfect Continuous. We use for with a period of time, and since with a point in time: I've been waiting for you for two hours. I've been waiting for you since 6 o'clock. PAST NOW Julia has been talking on the phone for an hour. (= She started talking on the phone an hour ago and she is still talking.) You've been sitting there since I o'clock. (= You started sitting there at one o'clock and you are still sitting there.) 4 We use the Present Perfect Continuous for actions that are done many times in a period. of time from the past until now: She's been having driving lessons for a couple of months. (= She started a couple. of months ago; she is still having lessons.) I've been playing tennis since I was a small child. 5 We can use How long with the Present Perfect Continuous: How long have you been living here? Practice A Write a sentence for each of the following situations, using the Present Perfect Continuous and for or since. 0 She started her course a month ago and she is still doing it. She has been doing her course for a month. 0 I started reading this novel last weekend and I'm still reading it. I have been reading this novel since last weekend. 1 It started raining at 3 o'clock and it is still raining. 2 He started playing chess when he was 10 and he still plays it. 3 I started work at 8 o'clock and I'm still working. 4 Helen started looking for another job two months ago and she's still looking. 5 We arrived here two hours ago and we're still waiting. B Put for or since into the gaps. 0 I've been working in this office since 1 Have you been doing this course 2 I've been driving this car 3 She has been planning the party 4 George has been telling the same stories 5 We've been waiting for a reply 6 What have you been doing. 7 You've been writing that letter 8 He's been feeling ill phone to someone all afternoon. a few days. C Complete these dialogues by putting the verbs in brackets ( ) into the Present Perfect Continuous. last summer. a long time? more than ten years. A: When did you arrive in London? B: Two weeks ago. A: Where have you been staying B: 1¹ But I am going to move to my own flat.next week. A: Hallo. What are you doing here? B: I'm waiting to see the manager. I 2 (wait) for half an hour. A: She's very busy. She 2 A: I didn't know that you could play the piano. B: Oh yes, I rain save study read make learn watch play the beginning of the month. several years. we wrote to them last week. the last time that I saw you? more than two hours. 0 She has been learning. 1 It 2 We 3 4 1 Wendy A: How long B: I started looking immediately after I lost my old job. I 6 5 We 6 The people next door. 7 I (you/stay)? (stay) with some friends in their flat. D Choose the best verb from the box to complete each sentence. Use the Present Perfect Continuous form of the verb. (talk) on the (have) piano lessons for a year. (you/look) for a job? (apply) for jobs for about six months. Spanish for six months. for hours; the roads are very wet. this game for hours. Let's stop! French at school for three years. this book for months, but I haven't finished it yet. this programme for hours. a lot of noise all day. my money for a holiday.

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00:29 อา. 8 ต.ค. - แบบฝึกหัดการ run regression 7 10 15 20 ข้อที่ 1. จากผลการสำรวจปริมาณความต้องการซื้อไก่ทอดของนักศึกษาชั้นปีที่ 3 สาขาการเงินเป็นดังนี้ ราคาไก่ทอด(บาท) จำนวนคนที่ต้อ ต้องการซอ 18 SUMMARY OUTPUT 12 7 3 Regression Statistics : เปิดใน CollaNote แบบฝึกหัด การวิเคราะห์การถดถอย Multiple R 0.091870558 R Square 0.008440199 Adjusted R -0.062385501 Standard E 25.96303475 ยอดซื้อต่อคน(ชิ้น) 3,3,3,2,1,2,3,4, 3,2,1,2,3,4, 1,2,3,4 จงอธิบายพฤติกรรม การกินไก่ทอด โดยสร้างสมการพยากรณ์การกินไก่ทอด พร้อมอธิบาย 1.ถ้าหากไก่ทอดราคา 10 ปริมาณความต้องกินไก่ทอดเฉลี่ยเป็นเท่าไร 2. ถ้าหากไก่ทอดราคาเพิ่มขึ้น 1 บาทความต้องกินเปลี่ยนแปลงไปอย่างไร 3,2,1,3,2,1,2,2,2,2,2,1 ข้อที่ 2 จาก print out แสดงความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการเข้าชั้นเรียนกับคะแนนสอบกลางภาค 2,2,3,1,1,1,1 1,2,1 เสร็จสิ้น

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNALS OF ACADEMICS & RESEARCH IJARKE Business & Management Journal standard deviation of 1.564. The statement that collection policy monitors account receivable to know had a mean score of 3.68 and standard deviation of 1.463. The statement that circumstances for offering credit to clients had a mean score of 3.93 and a standard deviation of 1.078. 8.1.3 Account Receivables The third objective was to determine the effect of account receivables on financial performance of transport firms in Mombasa County. The statement in agreement that available debt collection policy has assisted towards effective debt management had a mean score of 4.21 and a standard deviation of 1.210. The statement that transport firms sets and follows debt collection policy and terms had a mean score 3.26 and a standard deviation of 1.435. The statement that the organization implements these terms and policies in case of failure to pay the loan had a mean score 3.60 and standard deviation of 1.374. The statement that favourable credit terms stimulate sales had a mean score of 3.59 and a standard deviation of 1.232. Table 5 Account Receivables Available debt collection policy has assisted towards effective debt management Transport firms sets and follows debt collection policy and terms The organization implements these terms and policies in case of failure to pay the loan Favourable credit terms stimulates sales Valid N (listwise) 8.1.4 Credit Terms ISSN: 2617-4138 www.ijarke.com DOI: 10.32898/ibmj.01/1.4article07 Table 6 Credit Terms Business growth has been as a result of proper financial management practices undertaken by the firm. There had been an improvement in debtor's collection by using credit collection policies The business growth depends on sales returns in terms of price of the product, sales in the period, number of customers in a period and credit collection policy in place Solvency-Long-term debt against your assets and equity Valid N (listwise) N 103 92 IJARKE PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL 103 103 103 103 N 103 103 103 103 103 Mean The fourth objective of the study was to examine influence of credit terms on financial performance of transport firms in Mombasa County. The statement that available debt collection policy has assisted towards effective debt management had a mean score of 4.21 and a standard deviation of 1.210. The statement that transport terms of sales had a mean score of 3.76 and a standard deviation of 1.302. The statement that credit collection period had a mean score of 3.57 and a standard deviation of 1.684. The statement those terms of extension of credit facilities as shown in Table 6 N 103 4.21 3.26 103 103 3.60 3.59 Mean Available debt collection policy has assisted towards effective debt management Transport terms of sales Credit collection period Terms of extension of credit facilities Valid N (listwise) 8.1.5 Financial Performance The statement that business growth has been as a result of proper financial management practices undertaken by the firm had a mean score of 3.68 and a standard deviation of 1.463. Table 7 Financial Performance Vol. 1, Issue 4 4.21 3.76 3.57 3.51 103 3.48 103 3.13 Std. Deviation 1.210 1.435 1.374 1.232 3.58 Std. Deviation Std. Mean Deviation 3.68 1.463 1.210 1.302 1.684 1.552 1.259 1.525 1.492 May-Jul. 2019

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Exercise 4 (p. 32): Underline the errors and write a correction. Assignment Irrigation Irrigation management is an interesting field, especially in places where water supplies are low. Irrigation experts have various tasks such as taking soil samples, checking existing water tables, and projecting the amount of rain for the future. These people usually get his degrees from irrigation institutes. Them study many years in order to become familiar with the various tasks involved in her profession. For some of they, a job with local water authorities is a good place to begin his career. Others prefer to find jobs as contractors, working independently to aid farmers with our irrigation needs. Whatever the job, irrigation experts are becoming increasingly important. Water is a precious commodity, and they cannot be taken for granted.

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Academic English Instructions: Choose the best answer. 11. Upon physical examination, muscle wasting at the base of the thumb and an inability to hot from cold were noted. a. distinguish 12. These symptoms and findings raise tuberculosis. b. distinguishable a. continue a. suspicious b. suspiciously c. suspicion d. suspect 13. Training the patient to monitor blood sugar levels is an ongoing action as it requires monitoring. b. continuous c. continuously 14. Having an annual eye check is an ongoing action as it should be done monitor any diabetes-related eye complications. b. regular c. distinguishably of a possible diagnosis of pulmonary d. distinguishing 20. Dr. Murray may explain a. complicate d. continuation to a. regularize c. regularly d. regularity 15. Visiting a is an ongoing action as they can provide ongoing guidance and support in managing the patient's diet. a. nutrition b. nutritional c. nutrient d. nutritionist 16. Training the patient to give insulin injections is an immediate action as it needs to be done promptly to ensure proper insulin a. administration b. administrative c. administratively d. administer 17. Arranging counseling, if necessary, is an ongoing action to provide ongoing support for the patient's mental well-being. d. psychologically 18. Having an annual dental check is an ongoing action as regular dental care is important for with diabetes to maintain oral health. a. psychiatrist b. psychology c. psychological a. individuals b. individually c. individual d. individualize 19. Dr. Murray may advise Mrs. Thurston and Mark to make certain lifestyle changes to manage diabetes a. affect b. effect c. effective d. effectively that diabetes, if not well managed, can lead to various b. complicated c. complicatedly d. complications

Reading 3. Write the topic sentence of each body paragraph: Body Paragraph 1: ............................................................ อ่านต่อ

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iter: / will take you he waiter and the couple and answer the questions - food. Listen to another conversation between - came into the restaurant, They are about to order ) 81 Following the conversation In Activlty 6.17, ปnit 6 Aet6.18 (he couple, Vidgo 2ส table for 2 people. Bradi No, thank6, Ca) We order food to g0, please? Fese follow me, Waiter: You want to have your food to go? Not for here? Natale: Yes, We do, Water: OK. I will get you a meทน. Please Walter: What wouldyou |ike for tonight, slr? have a Seat. Natalle: May I get Cashew Nut Chicken? Brad: Can have beef Panang, please? 10) Brad: Yes, please make เt for 2 Waiter: Would you ltke steamed rice als0? People. 12 Waiter: Alright, the food will be rght | with you in a few minutes. Natalie: Thank5 a lot. Well walt here. 5 Does the couple want to have dinner at the restaurant? 2 Did Natalie order the food first? 3. Did Brad order pork Panang? คำว่า To go หรือ Tokeaway 4 Is Natalie's order Cashew Nut Chicken? Did the waiter tell the couple that the food will take long? หรือ Takeout มีความหมายเหมือน กันคือ "การซื้ออาหารแล้วนากลับไป รับประทานที่บ้านหรือรับประทาน จ้างนอกร้าน