Question

まーー

至急！！私立大学看護学部の過去問です。答えがないため、回答を作って欲しいです！！科目は英語です。

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people than ever can find an audience
time filled with disasters,
online, "conspiracy theories seem to be growing crazier by the day. We also tend to believe
in such things under increased stress, which is unfortunate because many of these ideas are
Some conspiracy theorists pride themselves on being "critical freethinkers," but a new
damaging our democracies and ourselves.
study showing a connection between lower critical thinking skills and increased conspiracy
(2)
theory belief suggests this may not be the case. "Conspiracy theories refer to attempts to
explain the ultimate cause of an important event (social, political, climatic, etc.) by accusing
a hidden group of perceived evil, powerful people or organizations of having secretly planned
and carried out these events," say Paris Nanterre University psychologist Anthony Lantian
and team in their paper.
two studies, the researchers tested the critical thinking skills of 338
a French version of the Ennis-Weir Critical Thinking Essay
Test. They then scored the students' tendencies towards conspiracy beliefs and their personal
Across
undergraduate students
(4)
the objective analysis and
assessment of their own critical thinking skills. Critical thinking.
evaluation of a situation
requires a collection of cognitive skills. These include the ability
to distinguish between relevant versus irrelevant information, think systematically, see other
perspectives, recognize and avoid logical *fallacies, look beyond the obvious, be aware of and
avoid biases, and change your mind in light of new evidence. "The more people believe in
conspiracy theories, the worse they perform on a critical thinking ability test," Lantian said.
"This test is characterized by an *open-ended format highlighting several areas of critical
thinking ability in the context of argumentation."
(6)
All this is not to say that those with high critical thinking skills can't also be sucked
into believing things that may not necessarily be true. The way (7) [is wired /a/ makes /
thinking/ social species / our / as] us very vulnerable to believing those we identify with as
part of our own cultural group- no matter how much education we have had that boosts
science literacy. Trust plays a massive role in who we believe. We also have a tendency to
believe each of us is above average at detecting misinformation, which can't possibly be true.
Researchers have also linked this need to feel special to greater belief in conspiracies.
Lantian and team point out that while their study suggests critical thinking lowers
Deople's chances of believing in untrue conspiracy theories, the findings don't determine if
(8)
(9)
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3
In a
more
(1)
① 次の英文を読んで、下の設問に答えなさい。
1
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(3)
the
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these skills can help people detect true conspiracies. Also, the lack of variety in their sample
means that
these findings may
not
(10)
less vulnerable to conspiracy beliefs.
01
population (all French-speaking undergraduates)
necessarily be an accurate reflection of the rest of society. However, previous research has
also suggested more highly educated people are
Another study, specifically designed by Yale University psychologist Dan Kahan and team,
found similar results: Participants who scored highest in science comprehension - which
requires critical thinking skills displayed higher scores in independent thinking. Lantian
and team conclude in their paper that "critical thinking ability could help individuals to seek
research on the topic will help develop better ways to teach more people these vital skills.
trusting a conspiracy theory." They hope that this and further
evidence instead of
(12)
Belief in Conspiracies Tied to Lower Critical Thinking Skills, But Don't Get Smug
Tessa Koumoundouros, Science Focus, July 2021 -
(E) *conspiracy theory [KM]
*fallacy 「誤った考え」
* open-ended format ｢自由回答方式の」
問1 空所(1)に入る語として最も適当なものを、次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。
a. when
b. which
c. why
d. what
問2 下線部(2)の表す内容として最も適当なものを、次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。 2
a. Critical thinking skills and conspiracy theory belief are not connected.
b. Conspiracy theorists are not critical freethinkers.
c. The new studies findings are not able to be believed.
d. Conspiracy theorists do not have a lot of pride.
問3 下線部(3) の表す意味として最も適当なものを、次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。
d. promoting
b. attacking
c. blaming
a. revealing
問4
空所(4)に入る語(句) として最も適当なものを,次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。
4
a. to use
b. use
c. used
- 2 -
d. using
3

対応した解答欄
び書に記入した
間 5
下線部(5) の表す内容に含まれないものを、次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。
a. being aware of and staying away from biases
b. willing to change your opinion when shown evidence
c. looking at things from another's point of view
d thinking about the most obvious things.
下線部6)の表す意味として最も適当なものを、次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。
問6
a. This does not mean
b. What this means is
c. Not everything is said in
d. All this means is
]内の語(句)を意味が通じるように並べかえるとき, 並べかえた語(句)のうち
7 (7)
3番目にくるものとして最も適当なものを
a. thinking
c. social species
のうちから一つ選びなさい。
次のa~d
b. is wired
d.makes
問8 下線部 (8) の表す内容として最も適当なものを . 次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。
a. 我々は物事を信じやすい人を信頼する
b. 我々は信頼してくる人を信じてしまう
c. 信頼をもてあそばれても信じてしまう
d. 我々は信頼している人を信じる
5
9 下線部(9)の表す内容として最も適当なものを、次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。
a. 自分は人並み以上に誤情報を察知できる
b. 自分は人並み以上に信用される人間である
c. 自分には人並み以上に科学的な知識がある
d. 自分は普通より他人の言うことを信用しやすい
8
9
0 下線部10の表す内容として最も適当なものを、次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。 10
a. これらの結果がそれ以外の社会の正確な反映であるという必要はないかもしれない。
b. これらの結果は正確ではなく、他の社会を反映する必然性を持たないかもしれない。
c. これらの結果は、必ずしもそのまま他の社会に当てはまるわけではないかもしれない。
d.これらは、他の社会に当然反映させるべき正確性をもつ発見であったのかもしれない。
問11
下線部 (10の表す意味として最も適当なものを. 次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。
are not as weak against
b are likelier to share
are more trusting of
d
are not as hurt by
c.
12 空所(12)に入る語として最も適当なものを. 次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい｡
c. doubtfully
a unwillingly b. blindly
d. shyly
a
13
b
11
問13 筆者の考えに最も近いものを.次のa~d のうちから一つ選びなさい。
Critical thinking skills have been found to help people identify conspiracies that are
12
true.
The questions on the Ennis-Weir Critical Thinking Essay Test have short, fixed
answers.
c. One study found those who get high scores in science comprehension also scored well
in independent thinking.
d. The goal of Lantian and his team's research was to find better ways to teach people
critical thinking skills.

英語 長文