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生物 大学生・専門学校生・社会人

至急お願いいたします🚨 生物の質問です。 ミトコンドリアの経路についての説明だと思うのですが、電子オーバーフローモデルと電子分布モデルの違いを教えていただきたいです。 また、どういう仕組みなのか、何故このように電子が流れるのかも教えていただきたいです。 UQ poolはユ... 続きを読む

(A) Electron overflow model (considered out-of-date) Alt UQ pool Alternative oxidase inactive. Alt No alternative pathway activity Cytochrome pathway unsaturated Cyt (B) Electron distribution model (reflects current thinking) UQ pool Cyt Alternative pathway active Cytochrome pathway saturated Alt Alternative oxidase active Alt UQ pool Cyt Cyt Figure 14.33 Two models for regulation of electron flow through the alternative oxidase. (A) In the electron overflow model, no appreciable electron transfer through the alternative pathway takes place until electron flow through the cytochrome pathway is at or near satu- ration. This could result from the effects of respirato- ry control, if the rate of mitochondrial ATP produc- tion exceeds its rate of utilization in the cytosol, or from some externally imposed stress, such as low temperature. Under such circumstances, the UQ pool becomes sufficiently reduced to allow electrons to flow through the alternative oxidase, the latter re- quiring that the UQ pool be 40% to 60% reduced to attain significant activity. (B) In the electron distribu- tion model, the alternative and cytochrome path- ways both show significant activity at low levels of UQ pool reduction, and electrons are distributed be- tween the two pathways on the basis of the relative activities of each pathway. The activity of the alter- native oxidase under these circumstances is thought to be regulated by the action of a-keto acids and by reduction/oxidation of the intermolecular disulfide bond, as well as by additional regulatory mecha- nisms not yet characterized.

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英語 高校生

本文2行目のplacing って何を意味しているのでしょうか? 教えていただきたいです!

次の英文 [A][B] [C] の内容に関して (27) から (38) までの質問に対して最も 3 適切なもの、または文を完成させるのに最適切なものを1.2.3.4の中から~ C [A] From: Noel Lander <noel@coffeeshopsupplies.com> <thedaydreamcoffeeshop@goodmail.com> To: Gary Stein Date: June 5 Subject: Your order Dear Mr. Stein, Thank you for placing an order by telephone with Jenna Marks of our sales department this morning. The order was for 500 medium-sized black paper cups with your café's name and logo printed on them. According to Jenna's notes on the order, you need these cups to be delivered to you by Saturday. I am sorry to say that we do not have any medium-sized black coffee cups at this time. What is more, the machine that makes our coffee cups is currently not working. The part that is broken was sent for repair the other day, but it will not be returned to our factory until Friday. Because of this, I am writing to you to suggest some alternatives. If you really need black cups, then we have them in small and large sizes. However, I guess that size is more important than color for you. We have medium-sized coffee cups in white, and we could print your logo on these instead. We also have medium-sized cups in brown. We are really sorry about this problem. Please let us know which of these options is best, and we'll send you an additional 50 cups for free. Our delivery company says we will need to send the order by Wednesday so that it arrives by Saturday. Please let me know your decision as soon as you can. Sincerely, Noel Lander Customer Support Coffee Shop Supplies

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