Question

あ

答えが無くて分からないので教えて欲しいです

SIMなし合
22:01
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【1】次の英文を読んで, 設問 1~12に答えなさい。 なお, *印の語(句)には文末に注
がついています。
Modern examinations of working conditions in British and U.S. industry in the
nineteenth and early twentieth centuries concentrate mainly on the experiences,
Complaints, and overall difficulties of working-class laborers.
The first complaint that a majority of industrial workers had was that their
workdays* were too long. The average (ア) of hours in a shift varied from
industry to industry, from place to place, and from era to era. Workers in British
and American textile mills* in the early to middle 1800s generally worked twelve
to fifteen hours, six days a week, ( イ) only Sundays off. Their average
workweek* was seventy-eight hours.
In contrast were the hours of workers who labored in American steel mills in
the late 1800s. The length of their shifts was determined by the fact that the blast
furnaces* they tended almost always operated twenty-four hours a day. Thus, (oit
became customary* for steel mills to have two twelve-hour shifts. However, many
of the steel workers labored seven days a week. (a)That gave them a workweek of
sighty-four hours. Moreover, sometimes they had to work extra hours on top of this
demanding schedule.
(オ )the minor differences in the length of workweeks from one industry to
another, the average worker put in twelve-to fourteen-hour days at least six days a
week, This harsh schedule remained more ( カ) less standard well into the
twentieth century. It was not until 1920 that a fifty-hour workweek was introduced
in the United States. Anda forty-hour week did not become the rule in most
industries until 1938.
Low wages was another common complaint of industrial workers. In 1851, the
average wage earned by American industrial workers in general was seven to ten
dollars per week. That same year New York's Daily Tribune* reported that a
worker's family of five required just over ten dollars a week just for basics such as
rent, food, and fuel. Most ordinary workers could not afford many simple comforts
that middle-class workers enjoyed. (o This miserable situation lasted in America for
decades and improved only slowly. As late as 1912, a study found that only 15

SIMなし合
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oent of working-class families made wages above subsistence level*, 45 percent
were at that level, and 40 percent were below it.
Early industrial workers had (o)many_other workplace issues to deal with
ocides long hours and low wages. They received no sick pay or old-age pensions,
for instance. Such benefits did not become common in British and American
industry until well into the twentieth century. Moreover, most factories and
businesses actually did not pay some of a worker's wages if he or she was too sick to
go to work.
In addition, the nature of most industrial work, ( ケ) the atmosphere
within factories, damaged the workers both physically and psychologically. First,
division of labor, in which each worker accomplished* a single step in the
manufacturing process, became widespread in industry. It forced the average
laborer to perform the same task over and over again. Some workers tried to relieve
the boredom* by striking up conversations with fellow workers or sneaking away*
to go for a walk or take a nap*. This reduced a factory's efficiency and output, of
course. Therefore, many employers set strict rules, such as forbidding* talking
among the workers. A few owners even locked the doors or surrounded their
factories with walls to keep workers ( コ) leaving the grounds during their shift.
By the early 1900s, a number of employers started hiring efficiency experts who
recommended ("scientific management." In essence, it imposed rules and practices
that eliminated time and waste in each manufacturing step; but this only increased
workers' boredom and made them feel even more like cogs* in a giant machine.
[注
workday:1日の労働時間
workweek:1週間の労働時間
textile mill:繊維工場
blast furnace:溶鉱炉
customary:慣例の
Daily Tribune: 『デイリー· トリピューン』(新聞の名前)
subsistence level : 最低生活水準 生存水準
accomplish:成し遂げる
sneak away:こっそり抜け出す
boredom:退屈
nap:昼寝·仮眠
Cog:歯車の歯

SIMなし合
22:01
1、空所(ア)に入る最も適切なものを①~③の中から1つ選びなさい、
② width
③ size
の weight
Dumbe
9.
2 ィ)に入る最も適切なものを①~③の中から1つ選びなさい
② without
on
① with
except
10.
ま下線部()と同じ用法の辻を含む文を①~④の中から1つ選びなさい
の Iwas Sunday that I went to the garden.
2Lis very difficult to make a speech in public.
③ Ifound it interesting to learn foreign languages.
tis far fnom here to the station.
11
4.下線部に)の理由として適切でないものを0~④の中から1つ選びなさい。
①アメリカの製鉄工場では多くの労働者が1週間に7日働いたから
2アメリカの製鉄工場では 12時間シフトで働いていたから
3アメリカの製鉄工場は溶鉱を24時間稼働させていたから
のアメリカの製鉄工場では必ず残業をしなくてはならなかったから
5.空所 オ)に入る最も適切なものを①~③の中から1つ選びなさい。
2 During
の Because
Despite
④ While
6空所 カに入る最も適切なものを①~③の中から1つ選びなさい。
① and
2 to
の or
の but
下線部()指すものとして最も適切なものを0~④の中から 1つ選びなさい。
の労働者は一般に5人の家族を美わなければいけなかったこと
②一般的労働者の家庭では、必要最低限の生活をするのに1人あたり週に 10 ド
ル以上かかったこと
③ 中流階紙の生活にも,ちょっとした楽しみごとさえなかったこと
③ 5人家族の平均的労働者の家庭では, 家賃などの基本的な出費をまかなうこと
も大変だったこと
s. 下線部()に含まれるものとして最も適切なものを①~③の中から1つ選びなさい。
①病気欠勤中の手当がないこと
3 仕事場での労働時間が長いこと
② 生活ができないほど賃金が低いこと
④ 病気欠動すると仕事がなくなること