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Urban legends consist of narrative accounts of events、 which are Presented as
truth、hut which are in reality completely jalse。 They are usually passed on from
storyteller to listener as factual accounts、with seemingly trustworthy sources。
warranted by some reliable、close acquaintanee such as ariend or relauye who
eyperienced the event ( | ) or heard of it directly jrom the person or people
involved. Sometimes news media are attributed as the source andl this gves

additional backup to claims of being factual. The story often ends with an ironie or

 

supernatural vist

Most of these features are applicable to rumors as wel   の Rumors bear significant
similarities in content to urban legends。 In structure、 however, rumors do not look as
formalized as legends. An urban legend usually has a well-elaborated plot and
circulates in a complete narrative form, while a rumor's plot is generally less developed
or even incoherent. The ending ofarumoroften ( 4 ) the ironic or supernatural
tyist we generally find in a legend,

Another difference between urban legends and rumors is ther  。durabihty
Aljthough many minor and unimportant changes are made to urban legends while they
are in cireulation, the core elements of plot remain unchanged through ime, and they
continue to be told for many years。 Conversely、rumors have shorter lives and
generally dissolve after a few weeks' circulation.

り     For example, in the story of “the vanishing hitchhiker.” a dmver gives aridetoa
hitchhikker on a lonely road but subsequently discovers that the hitchhiker js really a
ghost There are a lot of yariations among the specific details in the story、Sometines
the ghost js met not on a road but at a party or a restaurant、Sometimes the ghost
disappears just when the vehicle drives past a gaveyard。 Sometimes the ghost

sleaves an itemn such as a book or a coat in the car, which is later identifed as haying

 

belonged o him or her。、Sometimes he driver yisits the house where the ghost asked
to be talken。and recognizes the hitchhiker from a family portrait Elements of tbe
*disappearing ghost' story can be found in nmrratives dating as far back as 【he late

第 1 講

19th century。 Details in the story have been changed since then: jn early versions the

hitchhiker gets a Tide on a Wagon nr a hOrRGi  .while in Lautomobiles / their / ones /

later / place / take]. Over the Ye the story has takken on many other differen
elements as well、The core theme of the story, however, a harmless and disappearing

ghost、 persists in all variamts.

問] 空所( 1 )に入れるのに最も適切なものを, 次の①ーゆの中から 1 つ選べ。
u) asa matter of fact                ②⑫) at first hand
き) jn the end                        ④⑰ toacertain extent
間2 下線部(2)の表す意味に最も近いものを, 次の①ー④の中から 1 つ選べ
Q① 報道機関が情報源を探すと、 事実だという音情がさらにでてくる
②③ 友だちやゃ親戚から聞くことで, それを信じる人がますます増える。
③ 報道機関が情報当だとされると, 信性がきらに上がる。
お 体験者から話を聞いても, 信用がおけないと反論される。
問3 下線部(3)を和訳せよ。
問4 空所( 4 )に入れるのに最も適切なものを, 次の①ー④の中から 1 つ選べ

は) lacks               ② discovers         ③ enjoys              ③ gains
問5 下線部(5)の意味を 次のゆー④の中から 1 つ選べ。
①) 即時性             ⑫ 面久性             ③ 汎用性              ③ 信屯性

問6 下線部(6)を和訳せよ。

間7 下線部(7)が意味の通る英語になるように, [  ]内の語を並べかえよ。

間8 本文の内容に一致するものを, 次の①ー⑤の中から 1 つ選べ。
Urban legends are not always false though they are told as if they were-
Almost none of the features of urban legends are found in rumors.

①

②

3③ Rumors are more intricate than urban legends and less contusing.

④ The story of *the yanishing hitchhiker" is an example of a typical rum0r
⑤

Urban legends change as time passes but keep their central idea.