Question

lanister

第五題
I was certain that he ________ innocent of giving...
選項有must be 跟 must have been
（已知對過去的推測用完成式）
主詞確定他是無辜的，儘管情境發生在過去，但確定的時間跟無辜的時間應該相近，那這題是不是應該用must be 表示對現在的推測，
若用完成式，反而像在說明我確定他以前是無辜的？

(9. (A) scared
D) 10. (A) it
(B) scare
(B) one
(C) those
REDMI NOTE 8 PRO
AI QUAD CAMERA
(D) that
※第三篇
I was a local resident of the town of Maycomb, Alabama, in the 1930s. During the trial of a sexual
assault case, I was in the courthouse. I felt confused when I heard that the Ewells' version of the story
was completely different 1. that of Tom Robinson. Then, the sheriff of Maycomb began to
speak, 2. out that Mayella's bruises were on the right side of her face. 3. hearing this, I
realized that her injuries must have been caused by somebody left-handed. Then, I took a look at Tom
Robinson 4. had been accused of sexually assaulting Mayella, and I noticed that his left arm was
injured. Therefore, I was certain that he 5. innocent of giving Mayella her bruises. Meanwhile,
Atticus, the lawyer defending Tom, asked Mr. Ewell to 6. his name.
7. my surprise, Mr.
Ewell instinctively used his left hand! Therefore, I realized that Mayella's injuries could have been
caused only by Mr. Ewell himself and that the Ewells must have been lying
8. protect Mayella's
reputation.
I felt shocked and sad that 9. the strong evidence, Tom was still found guilty and sent to

Answer 1

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Sean

有對過去的推測用完成式的觀念很好。
但我們要釐清的是：這裡所只的“過去”是“時間的過去”，而不是：我去過愛過你，而現在不愛了。的這種“語氣上的過去”。
題幹所做出推測的時間點是過去，是站在以前的角度去思考的，因此要用完成式。
例如：The cake on the table disappeared. It must have been eaten by someone.
（這蛋糕事實上被吃掉了，但是吃掉的時很明顯是過去，所以會用完成式）
結論：這觀念要看時態，而不是語態哦

lanister

感謝回應，但還想再進一步詢問：
“蛋糕消失”跟“被吃掉”之間有一段時間差
“我確定”跟“他無辜”之間並沒有時間差
而無論蛋糕事件或是無辜事件都發生在過去

請問用must have been，或說“對過去推測用完成式”的原因，是因為那段時間差，還是是因為它們都發生在過去？

Sean

是因為是一件“已經發生的“事實””
像是“我確定” 跟“他無辜” 都是已經發生了
我也很感謝你的提問 不然我之前都沒想過這樣的問題！

lanister

謝謝喔！