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The termn“gross national happiness”(GNH) was first coined in 1971 by the fourth king of
Bhutan, who considers GNH imore important than gross domestic prodVuct (GDP》, The tatter has 由
Jong beena yardsfick 46 which economies are measured. Yet it fails to take inte_ aceount the
social and environmental costs of so-called progress. The concept ofGNHH, 17 _,suggeststtat !
devejopinent should give equal importance to economic and non-econormic aspects of well-being,
Since 1971, 也e idea of GNHH has influenced the economic and social poticies of Bhutans 1t has
aso captured the imagination Of __18 __farbeyond the borders of Bhutan。
The GNH 本dex, a sysfern of measurenment, 1s designed to create policy incentives for
govermmept and businesses fo inerease GNHH m Bhutan. The Index is asingle nuvnber index
deyeIoped from 33 indicatoTS, _19 _underrine domains. These domains cover tradittonal areas
Of socio-economic concern (such as Jiving Standards, health, and edueation), __20 _ less
fradifiona] aspects 0f cuJture and psychotogical well-beingx\ Bhutanese understandings 0
happiness seem fo be much broader than those that are Teferred to as “happiness” in Western
Culture,
Pie (Aa) fr (B) by (Cunder (Dy within
217. (A)fnrfhemuore (8B) forsure (C) im other words (D) onthe otterhand
18?(A) ofhers (8B) them (0 one (Di
讓全2 二信和人 和 交 路瑟7漲 人0 閃閃二和人人二 2 和 4
