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Central nervous
system
Peripheral nervous
system
Sistem Saraf
Bagian Utama Sistem Saraf
CNS/Sistem Saraf Pusat
terdiri dari 2 bagian utama:
a. Otak: terletak ditengkorak
b. Sumsum tulang belakang (medulla
spinalis): terletak di tulang belakang
PNS/Sistem Saraf Tepi
terdiri dari bagian:
a. Reseptor sensorik
b. Saraf sensorik
C. Ganglia di luar sistem saraf
Sistem saraf terbagi menjadi 2 bagian,
berbeda dalam beberapa cara kerjanya
pada target organ dan fungsi yang di
kontrolnya
Sistem Saraf Somatis
Somatic Nervous System
- bisa dikendalikan secara sadar
dalam beinterksi dengan lingkungan
eskternal tubuh
- terdiri 2 macam jenis saraf:
1. Afferent Nerves
Saraf Aferen atau sensorik
Fungsi Membawa sinyal-sinyal
sensorik dari resptor ke seluruh
bagian tubuh ke CNS menuju
otak
Contoh: Mata ke Otak
2. Efferent Nerves
Saraf Eferen atau motorik
Fungsi: Membawa sinyal-sinyal
motorik dari CNS menuju otot-
otot
Contoh: Kontraksi otot seperti
endokrin dan eksokrin
Sistem Saraf Otonom
Autonomic Nervous System
- tidak bisa dikendalikan secara
sadar karena berfungsi mengatur
kondisi internal tubuh
- terdiri 2 macam jenis saraf:
1. Symphatetic Nerves
Saraf Simpatik
Fungsi Menstimulus, organisasi
dan memobilisasi sumber-sumber
energi u/ menghadapi situasi yg
tidak menyenangkan/menakutkan
Contoh: Stres, tubuh akan be-
reaksi
2. Parasymphatetic Nerves
Saraf Parasimpatik
Fungsi Menyimpan energi
dalam tubuh dan beraksi dalam
menghadapi situasi yang menye-
nangkan

ページ2:

Pembagian Sistem Saraf
Nervous system
b. Anotomi Eksternal Neuron
Central
nervous
system
Peripheral
nervous
system
Cell membrane. The semipermeable
membrane that encloses the neuron.
Dendrites. The short processes emanating from
the cell body, which receive most of the synaptic
contacts from other neurons.
Axon hillock. The cone-shaped
region at the junction between the
axon and the cell body.
Axon. The long, narrow process
that projects from the cell body
Brain
Spinal
cord
Somatic
nervous
system
Autonomic
nervous
system
Cell body. The metabolic center of
the neuron; also called the soma.
Afferent
nerves
Efferent
nerves
Afferent
nerves
Efferent
nerves
Myelin. The fatty
insulation around
many axons.
Nodes of Ranvier (pronounced
RAHN-vee-yay"). The gaps
between sections of myelin.
Sympathetic
nervous system
Sebagian besar sel saraf
memiliki 2 tipe yang berbeda,
yaitu neuron dan sel-sel glia
ANATOMI NEURON
a. Anotomi Internal Neuron
Parasympathetic
nervous system
Endoplasmic reticulum. A
system of folded membranes in
the cell body, rough partions
(those with ribosomes) play a
role in the synthesis of proteins
smooth portions (those without
ribosomes) play a role in the
synthesis of fats
Cytoplasm. The clear internal
flud of the cell
Ribosomes. Internal cellular
Structures
res on which protens are
synthesized they are located
on the endoplasmic reticulum.
Golgi complex. A connected
system of membranes that S
packages molecules in vesicles
Nucleus. The spherical
DNA-containing structure of the
cell body.
release
Buttons. The buttonlike endings of
the axon branches, which release
chemicals into synapses
Synapses. The gaps between
adjacent neurons across which
chemical signals are transmitted.
Mitochondria. Sites of aerobic
(oxygen-consuming) energy
Microtubules. Tubules
responsible for the rapid transport
of material throughout neurons
C. Membran Sel Neuron
Molekul-molekul protein yg melekat
pada lipid bilayer merupkan unsur
dari banyak properti fungsional
membran sel. Protein membran sel
terdiri dari 2 yaitu:
1. Channel protein
Molekul-molekul tertentu dapat
melewatinya
2. Signal protein
Mentransfer sebuah sinyal ke
bagian dalam neuron ketika mol-
ekul tertentu
Channel
protein
Signal
protein
Synaptic vesicles. Spherical
membrane packages that stare
neurotransmiter molecules ready
for release near synapses.
Neurotransmitters, Molecules
from active
that are influence the activity
neurons and
of other cells
Lipid
bilayer