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経営経済学 大学生・専門学校生・社会人

実質貨幣供給量の増加が資産の実質的な価値の上昇にどう繋がるのですか??

Chapt 19 [5] ピグー効果 そのような初期ケインジアンの主張に対 し、ピグーは,経済は物価の下落によって自 動的に安定化すると考えます。 ピグーは古典派に属する学者ですから,不 況で有効需要が少なく超過供給の状態であれ ば物価は下落すると考えます。その結果、実 質貨幣供給量は増加します。 貨幣は資産です から、資産の実質的な価値が上昇すれば消費 が増加し財の需要が増加すると考えます。 こ れは,政府支出による需要拡大と同様の効果 がありますからIS曲線をシフトさせ国民所 得を増加させます。 そしてこのプロセスは完 全雇用国民所得となるまで続きます。M + 補足 ピグーはミクロ経済学でも、 ピグ一税を 考案した人物として登場します。 + 補足 ケインズ型消費関数のように,消費は可 処分所得のみで決まるのではなく, 資産の 影響も受けるとしています。 用語 このように,物価の下落が実質貨幣量 を増加させて消費を増加させることをピ グー効果と呼びます。 グラフ化 graph これは,図表19-6, 19-7の拡張的 財政政策と同様の効果となります。 C 財政政策の効果 AY⭑A

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英語 高校生

写真の黄色い線の部分の文構造を教えていただきたいです🙇 また、 ①ifは「ーかどうか」で訳していいのか ②thisは何を指しているか ③itは何を指しているか も教えていただきたいです。 よろしくお願いします💦

Phil Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I'm Phil. Beth And I'm Beth. Phil So, Beth, we're talking about the best education systems in the world today. You went to school here in Britain. What do you think of the British education system? Do you think it could be the best? Beth I think that it's quite good, there's probably a couple of things that I personally would change about it, but I would say it's quite good, but maybe not the best in the world. Phil Well, in this programme, we're going to be talking about the Pisa rankings. Beth The rankings are based on tests carried out by the OECD, that's an international organisation, every three years. The tests attempt to show which countries are the most effective at teaching maths, science and reading. But is that really possible to measure? Well, here is former BBC education correspondent Sean Coughlan talking to BBC World Service programme 'The Global Story'. Sean Coughlan When they were introduced first of all, that was a very contentious idea, because people said 'how can you possibly compare big countries... how can you compare America to Luxembourg or to, you know, or to parts of China, or whatever?' Phil Sean said that the tests were contentious. If something is contentious, then it is something that people might argue about it's controversial. So, at first, Pisa tests were contentious because not everyone believed it was fair to compare very different countries. Beth Phil, I've got a question for you about them. So, in 2022, Singapore was top of the reading rankings. But which of these countries came second? Was it: a) The USA? b) Ireland? or, c) The UK? Phil I think it might be b) Ireland. Beth OK. Well, we will find out if that's correct at the end of the programme. A common pattern in the Pisa rankings is that the most successful countries tend to be smaller. Talking to BBC World Service programme 'The Global Story', Sean Coughlan tells us that many large countries from Western Europe don't score that highly in the rankings. Sean Coughlan They're being outpaced and outperformed by these fast, upcoming countries - you know, Singapore, or Estonia, or Taiwan, or those sort of places which we don't historically think of as being economic rivals, but I suppose the argument for Pisa tests is, if you want to have a knowledge economy, an economy based on skills, this is how you measure it. Phil We heard that many large European countries are being outpaced by smaller nations. If someone outpaces you, they are going faster than you - at a higher pace.

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