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自然科學 大學

為什麼[A(org)]=n[An(org)]成立 (第三張圖equation 7.9) 感謝

Experiment 7 Experiment 7 The partition of Organic acid between Water and Organic solvent Objectives Understand the partition of a solute between two immiscible solvents. Introduction A chemical analysis that is performed primarily with the aid of volumetric glassware (e.g., pipets, burets, volumetric flasks) is called a volumetric analysis. For a volumetric analysis procedure, a known quantity or a carefully measured amount of one substance reacts with a to-be-determined amount of another substance with the reaction occurring in aqueous solution. The volumes of all solutions are carefully measured with volumetric glassware. The known amount of the substance for an analysis is generally measured and available in two ways: 1. As a primary standard: An accurate mass (and thus, moles) of a solid substance is measured on a balance, dissolved in water, and then reacted with the substance being analyzed. 2. As a standard solution: A measured number of moles of substance is present in a measured volume of solution - a solution of known concentration, generally expressed as the molar concentration (or molarity) of the substance. A measured volume of the standard solution then reacts with the substance being analyzed. The reaction of the known substance with the substance to be analyzed, occurring in aqueous solution, is generally conducted by a titration procedure. The titration procedure required a buret to dispense a liquid, called the titrant, into a flask containing the analyte. A reaction is complete when stoichiometric amounts of the reacting substances are combined. In a titration this is the stoichiometric point. In this experiment the stoichiometric point for the acid-base titration is detected using a phenolphthalein indicator. Phenolphthalein is colorless in an acidic solution but pink in a basic solution. The point in the titration at which the phenolphthalein changes color is called the endpoint of the indicator. Indicators are selected so that the stoichiometric point in the titration coincides (at approximately the same pH) with the endpoint of the indicator.

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英文 大學

哪一個段落沒有主題句? 我覺得是第一個,對嗎? 要怎麼替這個段落寫出主題句呢?

2 Despite different home cultures and countries, international students' main overall motivation is the desire get out on their own, to carve out a new direction in their lives. "Foreign students" do not casually abandon the comforts of family and cultural ties; they have done their homework on Canadian schools. All their preparation, though, cannot prepare them for the loneliness and ongoing difficul- ties they face, from cold winters to financial issues related to the higher tuition fees they must pay. Some students, though, emigrate to escape those same tight- knit families and bonds that others find so painful to leave behind. A Macleans "On Campus" report notes that family expectations may be opposed to students' visions for themselves and lead them to reject accepted values and career paths in their hometowns and countries. Csilla, a web-design student at Waterloo admits, "I was always supposed to enter my family's restaurant business in Budapest, but I felt suf- focated even working part-time as a server. Web design is my passion, and I wanted 12: CAUSE OR EFFECT [- a completely fresh start, something that is completely my own ("International Stu- dents"). Finding independent paths to their own dreams is the key here, whether students choose those paths as a result of personal ideals or as a reaction to pre-set future plans.

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