電路學1

216

oc.yun

基礎電路學

2025.12.14 公開

ความคิดเห็น

ยังไม่มีความคิดเห็น

ノートテキスト

ページ1:

(直流)
0.5A
Line
0.5A
(1)f.0 Hz (DC)
R₂
感抗=jul
Line
iR
Line
SIGHE
(交流)
→短路、無影響
GND
記腿牛
(L:电感值W=2xf)
j×0 × 1 × 10₁ = 0
jwc-jxx
⇒威抗=0且容抗:00#
o-m
m 10³
从10°
n 10°
P
10th
可忽視(短路) 開路(可拔掉)
→不往下流
V = iR +0x+10=5(1)
(2) f = 1 GHz (DC)
¯xtíu = jwL = j × 2 × 1*10* * 1×10* = ƒ 6-28-2
*|*10* *. -159.15 j
>R₂ 10.a.
V=IR
☆頻段稚多
☆ISM Band
⇒ 1 = $ = 0 ≤A ; V = 05 × 10 = 5V
Line
Not Ideal line
±AND
寄生电感
露压
R
→寄生电容(parasitic capacitor)
開放用頻段
1.2, 2.4, etc.
⇒ •Industry Science Medical Band.
☆手机:0.9/1.83 GPS: 1.575
电容器
GND
串电感、主电容.
低频可忽视,高频需重視
电感器.
比較波長角线长
10cm
SV ~100 HE
^ = \ = 3 x 10(-4) = 3 (m)
100x100
== ± 10 = 3x10cm)
100x100
X Avocate = 3 x 100 = 0.03 cm) = 3 ca
3x10
10
入美
2=8x30000
傳輸綫等效电路模型
Transicion Line Ak
11H
K 10
j6382
-149.
从100
1pf
G 10°
I 10th
⇒各位置电位不相等且电感不可忽視
有阻抗.
⇒电流会分流至电容.

ページ2:

电荷是电路运行的基本粒子
电荷不能被創造,也無法被破壞,只能被転移
因此系統的總电荷不变.⇒电荷守恒
电荷带电、單位:庫侖(C)(电量的單位,
I FEEL FA : 6.24*10th π cimole)
电子的带电量.
1顆电荷的电量:1.602x10庫侖(C)
电流:电荷隨時間的变化率.
單位:安培(A)
电路四大参:电压(V),电流(I),功率(P)、能量(W)
电压:移动單位电荷所需的能量.
a
能量(energy)
功率:消耗or提供能量的時間变化率
·單位:瓦特(W)
+
Vab
IV, It
1 Joud/庫命.
Ob
ŹR
dt
↓
Ps dw dw de ce = VI=V/R
电压电流 (V/R)
→若有多个,則不一定每個都提供.
O a
+
工
Vab 9V
=
O a
Vab -9v
+
Ob
Ob
eg. P=1*V
功率的極性(sign of Power)
• If the power is positive (P>0)
Power is delivered to the circuit element.
元件吸收功率
• If the power is negative (P<0)
Power is being extracted from the circuit element.
元件提供功率
passive sign Convertion
JA
IA
SV
-51
T-IA
P=1×5=50
P=(-5)(-1)= 5W
(energy)
W = S Pdt ((J))

ページ3:

元件模型.
SV
+
>i
电压源
电流源
Ohm's Law
V
"
:
w
O
Resistor
F-qE F=mä=qZ
F-ma
à= 27
(10°
1052
10.12
A
1002
匕
(P.65)
Filament
terminal.
V=1R
R=
tet
电阻
kk.
(欧姆)
> 截面積
G= 1513197
1-GV
电尊
(P62)
(a.)
+
11 A Va 82
(b.)
+
Lamp
Dry cell #2
Sliding switch
Is
Dry cell #1.
Vs
V₂
Ve
R₁
R
w
w
50 V 0.2 S
K.C.L: 克希荷夫電流定律
w
(C.)
Va=1×R = 1x8 = 8V
:. j = 1 A, Va = 8 (V)
⇒ P=IV = 1·8 = 8(W)
+
1A V 2012
ib = GV = 0.2 × 50 = 10 (A)
.. P= IV = 10x50 = 500 (W)
(d.)
-id.
+
50 V
25 2
V = 1R = -|× 20 - - 20 (V)
P=IV = -1x-20=20 (W)
-id-50 id- -2(A)
=
P=IA= -id ×50 = 100 (W)
m
-4
w
Case
Connector spring
Junknown
7₁+12=73
1₁ + (₂-13 = 0
1₁+ (₂+ (-13) = 0
K.V.L: 克希荷夫电压定律
発生在迴路上,總压升二總压降
(11.)
dWq dwm >VA VM.
da
dq
**
Mode

ページ4:

10.2
io
120 V
13502
b
电阻串联.
i
i.
a R₁ R, R₂
a
6 A
+
+
Us
R4
Us
Req
KCL
Inode b
ti + (-10) + (-6) = 0
node C to +(-1) + 6 = 0
化簡
KVL: 120+V. V₁ = 0 ⇒ -120 +10%. +50₁₁ = 0 = -12 + Ìo +59₁ =
元件模型:16:20:10 ↑
| V₁ = i₁ × 50
io+(-i) +6=0
1 10 = -3
V₁ = -30
=>
=>
=>
| -12 +10+5₁₁₂ = 0
₁₁ =>
V₁ = 150
Po= 1. V. 9ow
⇒ P₁ = 1₁- V₁ = 450W
Pes = 150×(-6)=-900w(提供功率)
Ps=120x-(-3)=360w(消耗功率 )
a
R₁
b
R₂
R₁
C
d
www
h
KCL
KVL
R₁
50 mA
R6%
ww
g
f
Rs
w
RA
e
4kQ
w
6k 24 k 20 k
5 k
h R7 R6 R5
电阻並联
a
+
is
vs
R₁ R2 R3 R4
Req
KCL
120 V
b
· is = t₁ + t₁ + t₁ + io
is = V + V + V + V6
Req
42
w
302
w
find is. i. i
's
180 60
Ans:
i₁ = 12
1-4
12-8
Sol 1
* Req.
is = 120 / 10 = 12
(18) (3+6)
2:]
。
1₁+12=12
R RR =2 | | |³ = 1:2 ⇒ 1;=4, Ì¿2=-8
ska
4ka
www
Jokn
ww
>ka
ww
6kw
Req
ww
R₁v₁
3k2
Us
R₂v₂
(a)
(b)
Pout
Pout
Veq = 50x3=150V
Love (-50 mA) 150
(-0.0%) x 150=-75W
R₁₁
R₁₂
KVL-V₁₂+V+V₁₂ =0
V₁ + V₂ = Vs
i = R₁th
V₁ = R R R₁ → Vs RR
V₁ = R+R. * Rx Vsx
R+R₁
R₁+ Rx

ページ5:

3A
(-4x)
20
422
www
80
40
21
些
4A
100
1022
ww
5.0
ude A
www
土)20V
3A↑
30
www
20
十一
C
SV
node A : -4 + A
A-B
+
20
10
node B: B-A-0-
11
元件模型:B-C=20.0
RKLE
node A-3+ A- B+ A-C = 0
Inade B: BA + B + x = 0
I made CICA G - Ev=O
+
compement model: B-C:5
node B + node C: B-A + + CA +£0
KCL from the super Nock
node A:
A-BA-C +(-3)=0
nada Bi B-A + B-C + $0
2
node B:
B
4
= 0
mode
=
C-B
nade C: C; & CIA +2(AB)-0
2A-2B+A-C
+
4B-4A +B-C + 2B =0
4
C-B+2C-2A+8A-8B-0
3A-2B-C=1210
-4A+7B-C=0-
6A-98+>C=0
→ 2A-3B+C=0¬
1+3 SA-5B 12 A-B+% -0
2+3 -24+40=0¬A+26=00
4+51 B₁ / A = 24/5
C= -2A+3B=-12
A 48V, B-24V, C=-24V
+
12V
4kQ
2kn
www.
1₁
Vx-12 + Vx
4k
√x=6V
+
√x-9
zk
=0
+9v
6V (±
322
2V ≤202
-IV +
ww
12
5

ページ6:

Some ↑
X
Ri {lü v Rx { fix
Req Rull R₂
Vay = is * (R.llRx)
**R
☆N個电阻(多個电阻並联)
i, -V=G₁ x Vay
0
@
i = G₁xVxy
İs = 1, +1₁ = G₁x Vxy + Gxx Vay = (Git Gw) Vay
G₁
G₁+G
G
i isx 6+G
15.2
www
G₁ = R₁ = 15
G = =
i= 50mA
452
=50mAx-
··37.5mA.
(Gn)
se
50
w
w
5.0
ww
100.2
1250
100.2
1250
40V =
w
40V±
125.05.12.5.2
2.50
⇒>
40V±
50.
5052
i₁ = 400 = as A
40.24
37.5.2
40.2
37.5.a
練工
6012
練2.
Obeleof resince in each of the circus of g
300
w
b
•A
A to Y
Y to A
即
00
RR
R.R. + R.Ro+ R.R.
R₁ =
R₁ =
Ra•R• Re
ReRa
R₁₁ =
Ra+R+Re
R₁₂
R.R.+R.R+R.R.
R
20.52
180
www
20.52
w
20.52
ww
1852
RoRo
6050
to s
to so
R₁ Ra+Re+ Ru
RoRo +R+Re+ RoRe
Re
100
4352
R₁
t 40
201
601 ⑦10A
w
800
rode A: A-C + A+B + (-5)=0
node B: BC + B
B-A
-+(-10)+5=0
rode C: C-B+C-A + 10 =0
node A+ node B = A-C, B-C -10=0 = node c
☆有几个節奌只能列出(n-1)條 KCL
8902
100
5652
So sty
w
8002
56x43 24.52
99
20+18+24.52+80=142.32

ページ7:

www
100
超節头
·Super mode.
2V
2A
202
40
A
ww
· A₁ −2+ A+B - i√ +£0
B: iv + A + + 1 = 0 ⇒
B-A-2
Mesh Current.
5
ww
50 V→
10.n
( (A+B) 5 + 1 + 1/2 = 0 => 2A+B=-20
B-A-2
⇒ A=-, B=-16
=0
↑3A
256V
150
1002
(Ans: 16.57) W)
?CWJ
300
w
15-250-2
mom
200.12
V-16
V
Sa 128
w
50is
400.00
1-81
-50 +5ia + 10 (iα-16) -0
10(-ia) + 40 (1₁-ic)=0
ic=-3A
la = 2 (A), 1-2 (A), -3 (A)
- 2 (A),
VA-256
150
+
VA - Vo-Un
100
i-=4(A), 1₁ = 1₁-ic³ | (A)
18+128
500
+
+
100
KCL
5
ww
50 V②
≥102
b.
40.0
⑦3A
VA
200
VA-VB
300
400
300
-= 0 ⇒ 4 (V₁- 256) + 6 VA - VBTVA +3VA +2UA-2-0
16 VA-3UB (oxy
· = 0 ⇒ 12 (√√B + 128) + 60 VB-10 (UB-VA) + 15 UB+ 20 (US-VB) =
973-10--1536
80 VA-15|1=5/20
1960-800 t
×
161VB=-5632
7400988456
(193 V.)
4
ww
2.5.
ww
22
www
+ Va-
t
193V
04V
V₁-50+ x + 1-3=0
8(Vx-50) + 4x + Vx = 120
Vx
V⑦05A
208 Vo
t₁ = -V-SD = 2 (A)
724 (A)
w
652
Vo
ww
7.5.22
ww
8.2
>>
13 Vx = 520 Ux = 40 (V)
7₁ = | (A)
04(21)
60
201⑤
203
452
6A
Super mesh: -20+6ia + 10% + 476 =0
Current Source: ib-ta= b.
»Super mech.
193 +47a- √ + 6ia =0 / xxx
V₁ +25 ib - Vcs +7.5170
Ves +21 0.8(17.5 in) +8ic=0
19314 là một bản co
0.8ic + 25 is - Vas +7.51=0
Ves 21c 0.8(157) + 8ic=0
193 +10% +10%-Vu=0
Sib-in-0.4 Va04(2%) = 0.8%
Li-i-0.5 A.
193 + 4ia+6ia + 2576 +7.576 + 2ic -0.8 Vo+fic = 0
193+10 % +10% +10% -0.8 Vo=0

ページ8:

Linear System
1. 齊次性(可来性,比例縮放)
8V
62 F
W
ga
www
V.
11
→
ZA
ww
6522
41222
+8V
TH=
G+
2+1
+60
U-V.
R
=
is-
www
80
R₁ = 652+252 +8=2=16-52
V₁ = 8√ + 4V-6V=6
=
1.*.*
202
M
S:
352
m
423
JA
+
8-21
②V
6V
V.
R
find.
R
V
www
$
www
ww
6.0
g
50
lan
ww
200
40V
12V
w
452
622
m
252
+
玑
40
ww
ww
40
6.2
8-231 12V②
2A
↑4A
30
Ta
20
2A-
How?
8A
lan
ww
www
ww
40
60
6Ve
4033
4
become.
32V
122
lan
ww
↓
www
402
w
120
6v②
32√
密阚門條件1.必須全並联.
條件2.电阻之間沒有其他电阻、
1202

ページ9:

重疊原理
綫性系統的準則
(原电流源)
→拿掉电流源 断路
→拿掉电压源通路(ht没有电压流)
(原电压源】
☆相依电流压源不可拆
eg
10 V
52
www
0.4 vs
+
003202
US$1021)5A
2 is
1. Use the principle of superposition to find ve and the associated
power delivered to it
(Note that dependent sources cannot be deactivate!!)
①
50.
0.4VA
10V±
−10 + 57.+20 (ii)=0⇒ 21:04A
2 = -0.4 V6
is =0.4A-
200
10.2
i>=0A
Vo=8V
V₁ = 10 i₂
√3 = 0.42028
50.
21s
0.414
2052
100]
21s
5720(-)=0 1₁ = 0.8 A.
①5A.
12-04 V = -20-412
571=-20
ió = 0.8A.
13=-5A
> 20-4A-
V₁₂ = 16 V
Vo - 10(12-13)
250+10%
= 10 V.
16:0.8~20
=16
只有电压/流有重叠原理,功率没有.
P. = IV
=
=
is. V. + 1's. V
32+44:17.6(1) (∵重疊原理是线性系統)
(0.4+0.8) (8+16) = 1,2x24=28.8 (w)
正解