赤線部分についてです。私は｢any species｣を｢いかなる種｣と訳したのですが、日本語訳や解説を見るに、"any species"は"a species"という意味を表してるそうです。今までanyにひとつの物を限定するイメージを持っておらず、調べてもあまり理解できなか... 続きを読む

2 Unit 20-Cognitive Linguistics- | 519 words / 筑波大 1 識別 One of the most important things that language does for us is help us make distinctions. implicitly, automatically all other When we call something edible, we distinguish it from - R オ 2 5 things that are inedible. When we call something a fruit, we necessarily distinguish it from vegetables, meat, dairy, and so on. 初期の人 組織した。彼らの精神と 基本的な私たちがまた 有効的に ② (1) Early humans organized their minds and thoughts around basic distinctions/that we still make and find useful. One of the earliest distinctions made was between now/and not-now; / these things are happening in the moment these other things happened in the past and are now in my memory. No other species makes this self-conscious distinction among past, present, and future. Of course many species respond to time by building nests, flying south, hibernating", 10 mating but these are preprogrammed, instinctive behaviors and these actions are not the 物体の永抂 result of conscious decision, meditation, or planning. 13 Simultaneous with an understanding of now versus before is one of (2) object permanence: Something may not be in my immediate view, but that does not mean it has ceased to exist. Our 存在をつかむではない? 何かはすぐには見えないかも brains represent objects that are here-and-now as the information comes in from our sensory 2 15 receptors For example, we see a deer and we know through our eyes that the deer is standing n& right before us! When the deer is gone we can remember its image and represent it in our mind's eve, or even represent it externally by drawing or painting or sculpting it. Jon 上の 4 This human capacity to distinguish the here-and-now from the here-and-not-now.showed up 初の記校 なだがここにあって、何がここにあったか at least 50,000 years ago in cave paintings. (3) These constitute the first evidence of any species on 芝援 識別 ひきる 120 earth being able to explicitly represent the distinction between what is here and what was here. In as other words those early cave-dwelling Picassos, through the very act of painting, were making a distinction about time and place and objects, an advanced cognitive operation we now call mental representation* And what they were demonstrating was an articulated sense of time: There was a deer out there (not here on the cave wall of course). He is not there now, but he was there before. 25 Now and before are different; here (the cave wall) is merely representing there (the meadow in front of the cave). This prehistoric step in the organization of our minds mattered a great deal. 5 In making such distinctions, (4) we are implicitly forming categories, something that is often す overlooked The formation of categories in humans is guided by a cognitive principle of wanting 多くの何報をできる! 325 h to encode as much information as possible with the least possible effort. Categorization systems optimize* the ease of conception and the importance of being able to communicate about those hibernate 冬眠する sensory receptor: 感覚受容器 (体の周囲の環境情報を感知する受容器の総称。 目、鼻、耳など) cognitive : 認識の mental representation 的表象(例えば人が「イヌ」を考えるとき、それは頭の中で文字でも映像でも 音でもない 何らかの形で思い描かれるが,この「頭の中の記号」のことを心的表象という) encode:・・・を記号化する optimize ... を最大限にする permeate : ･･･ に広がる 英 6 音

最終的にエマと彩︎香が参加するプログラムとその日程は？ という問題が理解できません💦 教えて頂けると嬉しいです 答えは make a kokesi で、25日です

2 次の対話は、かえで市の高校生の彩香と留学生のエマが、エマのホームステイ先で話 したときのものです。 また、 資料1はそのとき彩香たちが見ていたウェブサイトの画面で あり、 資料2はエマの予定表の一部です。 これらに関して、 あとの1~5に答えなさい。 Ayaka Emma Ayaka Emma Ayaka Emma : : Emma, do you know Sakura Village? : Sakura Village? No : It's a village next to our 2013 city. It takes about twenty minutes to get there by bus. There will be an interesting event in Sakura Village this spring.) Really? Look. This is the official website of the event. [ ] : Oh, it's written in English. It says they want people from other countries to come. [い] Ayaka Yes. Let's join one of them together. Emma : Sure! Ayaka : Which one do you want to join? Emma [ 5 ] Well, all the programs sound fun Ayaka : How about this one? You love nature, don't you? month,/ so it's difficuti A for me to climb a Emma : Yes, I do. But I injured my foot last mountain right now. Also, I want to learn something about Japanese culture. Ayaka : OK. [ ] But we can't join the program on March 18th, b X 3/18 Emma Ayaka : going to visit my grandmother's house, She's looking forward to Do you have other plans on weekends? any because we're B you. Comp : I sometimes clean the park as a volunteer. Look. This is my schedule. If possible, I don't want to miss that volunteer work. OK. Then let's join this program. It sounds interesting. Emma Really? But I know you like fishing. If we join the program on the 12th, you can enjoy fishing. 多い? Ayaka : Well, it's important to do volunteer work, so I think you should clean the park We can go fishing another day Emma : OK, thanks! The website says that to join the program, Ayaka : That's right. I'll do that when I get home. : Emma Thanks, Ayaka. I can't wait! (注) official 公式の schedule スケジュール

共通して当てはまる単語が何か知りたいです。🙇‍♀️

(i) to break down food in the body to use as energy: I had a hard time (d_)ing the spicy food. (ii) a brief account or summary: This program gives you a (d) of today's main news stories at the end.

どれが間違っているのでしょうか？わかる方教えていただきたいです。

(1) (2) (3) On New Year's Day, many Japanese watch special programs on TV, visiting shrines, and relax at home. (4)

かっこに入る単語を教えてください🙇‍♀️

(i) to break down food in the body to use as energy: I had a hard time (d_)ing the spicy food. (ii) a brief account or summary: This program gives you a (d) of today's main news stories at the end.

なぜ赤線部の解釈が、 憧れる俳優の1人を真似て複数の人物を演じる能力を身につけた、となるのか教えてほしいです 憧れるといった意味の単語あるんですかね？

Eddie Murphy was born in Brooklyn in 1961. His mother was a telephone operator, and his father was a police officer and an amateur actor. He later said, "My mother and father broke up when I was three, and he died when I was eight. So I have very dim memories of my family." When he was 15, he listened to a famous comedian's program, which inspired him to become a comedian. As a child, he developed the ability to play multiple characters in imitation of one of his acting heroes. When he was 19, he became a regular on the TV show Saturday Night Live (SNL). While appearing on SNL, he Walking bas followed the path that many stand-up comedians have followed.)

2行目赤線部 なぜ形容詞のカタマリが後ろに回ったんですか？ そんなの気づかないし、むずくないですか？ 倒置でもないし、どうしたら気付きますかね

nced 29 Cook as a baby nces [in es clear C learn], pol)]>" ませ ウォッ [ 脳科 長に 新し の幼 示し よい 料不 ense ead 明 究 変わりませんよね (Rule 73 p.180)。 また,, which ~はa child's readiness to learn を先行詞とする関係代名詞の非制限用法です。 研究 show~の形 31 The findings (further) show the importance [of government food assistance V 0 programs, says Cook. 32 “These programs are very effective (in ensuring both the V S S V C food security and the health of school children and enabling them to go to school [ready to learn])," he says. 38 Making sure ({that kids get enough to eat) is good S V 33 S V C (for society) (in the long run), he says, (because hunger [experienced early in S life] can (really) set the direction [for a child's "ability to compete (in the job market) and to earn enough money to survive (as a member of society)]])." 訳 31 この研究結果はさらに,政府による食料支援政策の重要性を示していると TRY クは言う。 32 「そういった政策は,食料安全保証と学童の健康の両方を確保し、ま た彼らが,学習レディネスを備えた状態で学校に通えるようにするのにとても効 chlod 果的です」と彼は述べる。 33 子どもたちが十分な食料を得られるようにすること は,長い目で見れば社会にとってよいことであると彼は言うが,それは,人生の 初期段階で飢えを経験すると実際に,子どもの「労働市場で競争し、社会の一員 として生き残るのに十分なお金を稼ぐ能力」 の方向性が定まってしまう可能性が あるからである。 bypalom 31 food assistance 食料支援/program 名政策計画/32 ensure 確保する/ make sure {that} ~ 確実に~する, 〜を確実にする / in the long run 長期的 に見れば/set 設定する 決める / direction 名 方向性 / compete 競争す る / survive 生き残る, どうにかやっていく ebo 33 Lesson 11 ・構文 322つ目のand は2つの-ing (ensuring ~/enabling ~) を結んでいます。 ま ready to learn は, 直前のthem (= school children) を修飾する形容詞のカタ マリが後ろに回った形です。 33 Making sure 〜のカタマリを分詞構文と誤読して しまっても、後ろに is (V) が続いているため, 動名詞の主語だったと判断する ことができます。 また, and は2つの to不定詞 (to compete ~ / to earn ~ )を結 bloom & stow abil んでいます。 Tewal svad od ablo-diam- 12 bool # in food security and the health of school children and enabling them to go to school ready to learn," he says. Making sure kids get enough to eat is good for society in 20 the long run, he says, because hunger experienced early in life can really set the direction for a child's "bility to compete in the ich 197

黄色の部分がどういう意味なのかを教えてもらいたいです！🙇🏻‍♀️一枚目は一つ前の文章です

Shirakawa Yuko talks in a magazine about what it is like to be a nurse in a war zone. I work as a nurse for MSF. First, let me tell you why I joined MSF. I went through most of my high school years without having any idea what I wanted to do with my life. In the fall of my last year, a friend told me she would go to nursing school. "I want to be a nurse, too!" I burst out spontaneously. The entrance exams were only four months away, but I was now determined to become a nurse. I studied very earnestly and passed the examination. G1 I already knew about MSF, having seen a TV program about it when I was a little girl. I even dreamed of joining it one day. That dream came back to me after I worked as a nurse for several years. In order to join MSF, I had to be able to speak 15 English fluently. So, I decided to study in Australia. There I worked hard to improve my English, and after that I acquired more nursing experience. Then I was finally accepted by MSF. no in a Zene 5 I

文法的な誤りはどれでしょうか？わかる方教えていただきたいです。

(1) (2) (3) On New Year's Day, many Japanese watch special programs on TV, visiting shrines, and relax at home. (4) ¯

(2) なんで、to be leave なんですか？ 私は not to leave にしました。

4174 I Went home early もした。 to watch 「ハルトはミーティングに遅れないと約束した。 Haruto promised <ob+0+y+a> the music program. not to be leave mot↳ 「~しないと約束する」 → 「not to do」 for the meeting