andはmany popular とmisleading beliefs を繋いでますか？

2 ①This point may seem obyious: however。 many popular amd misleading belicfs have grown up about why 6 alanguage should become intemationally successful ②Itis quite commonto heat people claim that a language becomes a global language.【on account of its perceivedaesthetic qual ies/clarity of expressiom orditeray powe (③Greek。 Latin。 Arabic and French are among those which have becn praised in such terms, and English is no exception.(④①It is oftcn suggested that there muSt be somethinginherently beautiiuPor1ogicaPabout the JruomreofnglishOinorderto explain why itisnowso widely used (Some suggeet liall has less grammar 1han other languages, SO it must be easier to learn.(⑥Such argumentS are misconceived.(⑦Latin was Once a major language。 deSDite its highly complicated grammatical structure.

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第 1 主 次の葵文を読み、設間に答えよ Urban legends consist of narrative accounts of events、 which are Presented as truth、hut which are in reality completely jalse。 They are usually passed on from storyteller to listener as factual accounts、with seemingly trustworthy sources。 warranted by some reliable、close acquaintanee such as ariend or relauye who eyperienced the event ( | ) or heard of it directly jrom the person or people involved. Sometimes news media are attributed as the source andl this gves additional backup to claims of being factual. The story often ends with an ironie or supernatural vist Most of these features are applicable to rumors as wel の Rumors bear significant similarities in content to urban legends。 In structure、 however, rumors do not look as formalized as legends. An urban legend usually has a well-elaborated plot and circulates in a complete narrative form, while a rumor's plot is generally less developed or even incoherent. The ending ofarumoroften ( 4 ) the ironic or supernatural tyist we generally find in a legend, Another difference between urban legends and rumors is ther 。durabihty Aljthough many minor and unimportant changes are made to urban legends while they are in cireulation, the core elements of plot remain unchanged through ime, and they continue to be told for many years。 Conversely、rumors have shorter lives and generally dissolve after a few weeks' circulation. り For example, in the story of “the vanishing hitchhiker.” a dmver gives aridetoa hitchhikker on a lonely road but subsequently discovers that the hitchhiker js really a ghost There are a lot of yariations among the specific details in the story、Sometines the ghost js met not on a road but at a party or a restaurant、Sometimes the ghost disappears just when the vehicle drives past a gaveyard。 Sometimes the ghost sleaves an itemn such as a book or a coat in the car, which is later identifed as haying belonged o him or her。、Sometimes he driver yisits the house where the ghost asked to be talken。and recognizes the hitchhiker from a family portrait Elements of tbe *disappearing ghost' story can be found in nmrratives dating as far back as 【he late

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回 Use the structure in 8 and rewrite the sentences. [一の] (① Roy hurt his leg while he was playing basketball 層 Roy hurt his leg (⑫② Jil opened her bag an rge envelope asa 5 っ 。 。,jiltook out a large enwelope. (⑬) 1 did not have my smartphose with me, So T could not contact my family. 司 with me, T could not contact my family. (⑭④ People look like ants when they are seen from the top of the tower. つの。 =時GS madi enet! bp= hePa- people look like ants。 3

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回 Usethe structure in ③ and rewrite the sentences. [一づ] (①) Roy hurt his leg while he was playing basketball. の Roy hurthisleg (② J辿 opened her bag and to 層 ⑬) 1 did not have my smartphone with me, so I could not contact my family. _ with me, 1 could not contact my family ⑭ People look like ants when they are seen from the top of the towek. 避 。 people look jike ants ii 導 a iarge emvelope. 。 jill took out a large envelope.

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回 Use the structure in ③ and rewrite the sentences. [一づ] (①⑪ Roy hurt his leg while he was playing basketball やRoy hurthisleg ⑫) Ji opened her bag and tooE 避 3 _ , jl took out a large envelope. ⑬ T did not have my smartphone wit me, SO T could not contact my family 右 with me, 1 could not contact my family oct a iarge envelope ⑭ People look like ants when they are seen from the top of the tower. , people look like ants。 KA:洛

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s not something you Want 9 eir horme5・ It* 8 。 tak eople out of th 村 K you are ga ing 1 other than definitely needing to 9" 叶 dose 』 do lightIy , for 「@d rter to taKe shelter・ 1f is a plum, radiation・ Tn S0TTe accldents, IE 15 DTP indows 2 d or puf人 relea5e, people shelter In hou5e5 witl nt いい rhead2/" 58yS・ the puff has passed overheady Milligan 58Y : NeceSsarY changeS? In Japan, even the wake of the deadIy earthquake and ME d i ins25 We left local infrastructure ruin5, thousands of people た 抽 ta from the vicinity of the nuclear POWeT plant within 24 hourS・ MM 3 Milligan, dt least, does not anticipate anY chan9ges to the「Uu e5 ー し from27 less0nS learned from Fukushimaa ro nuclear DOWe「 plants stemmin9 now Provide adequate? ion for public| ww e Can See i ゞThe planning ZOneS in place There IS nothing W cate that We would need to expand、 zio る le health and safety,′ She SayS・ Fukushima meltdowns that would indi the_.plume eXxDOSU「 pathway“" an aircra介 mi ar USS Ronald Rea9 gase5?1 On ah dioactIVe noble e aircraft carrier found ほぼ: s for civilianS, after miles from the plant| e case of Fukushirma, the carrier? sailed into the plume of escaping「す March 12. More than 100 miles aWay, sailors on th jevels high enough to exceed the EPA'Sデ guideline zo roughly 10 hours of exposure. "They went up to 130 and we were St reading a direct gamma shine33 of 0.6 milirem pe 因 nour” explained the NRCS Stephen Trautman on March 12, according t9 s34. Garmma「ayS d「e among the most energetic 一 and tnerefore forms of radiation. Nevertheless, in th transcript dangerous tO health 一 2。 Tn the end, the question i5 One of risk. No one has died from radioactiwe contamination as a result of the Fukushima meltdowns, at least not yeW And it may prove impossible to disentangle3* any extra cancers due 0 Fukushima S radiation, from those that happen as a result of all the othW carcinogenic37 factors a DerSOn is exposed to in the modern world froW diet to smoke. But it remai i jns unclear how far radioactive emissions3 might reach In WW Case of a another 0 央0 1 Fukushima. "At that point its from We ? Another five miles? Another 10 miles? Do you 8 a Sense?” ask 1] Sked NRC chairman Gregory Jaczko on March 12, as he t his staff anal yzed computer modeling of a catastrophic meltdown す

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トーー ーー 細細 14、 Tsuggest more detailed and structured analysis。 ① tea。 (⑳記RS ⑨ tatlempt ④ him that he shonld attempt 15. ぜyou te not careful when driving, it may [し ]youyour te。 ① damage @ rob ⑧ demand @ eost 16. Could yoa LT ane my question? ① spare ⑨ save ⑧ make ④ lend 17. She 且計 the dining room warm in winter. ① dia ⑫ kept ⑧⑬ received ④ took 18 Ann to go home. ① asked @⑨ hoped ⑧ suggested ④ mentioned

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TPidgim Emgish Wiar happcms win people necd to communicate but have no cemmon angnagef Youmay ja aken par in coavertions sak as tBiS er perhaps youve witmeswed on fmm a ore comfortablc distance. They gesturc. they talk with their hands and feet. and 一 somewhat surprisingly 一 they speak. as well. That is surprising becasse they really cannot hope tbat amyopc w山 undcrstand much morc than their moodLif hr or she camt undcrstand thr languagr_ But they go ahead and speak anyway. and we can understand bits and pieces of what they say by paying clow attcnGon to thc rrst of the communicstem A がggiz is a simplihied form of language dcvclopcd by speakkcrs who otherwise share no omon languamw This means oi course that pidgins begin in mmultiingual* stuations 一 where ai least two. and more likcly seweral languagcs cocxist. ( ) ). pidgins spring up in rading rmters or in areas umdcr industriabzation (including agricultursl industmahzation. tbat plantanion) They develop bere because the opportuniies for trade and work attractlarge mambers or people with diEernt native tongues Thc term pidgin dcvlopcd from apidgin pronumciatiop of busness: busncss Engish became pidgin English・ A pidgin in the technical snsc is a sort oflanguage scrving the meeds of a community. Thus a pidgn is not simply thc brokcn Engiish of a waiter in a ipreign restaurant (who spcaks his native language with his co-worikers). por is it an idiots verson ofa language. or a kind of inevitable deterioration* in tbe bands of barbarians*。 ( づ )。 robably the morc intelieeat and ambidoms people in s culpure who master the cpcrsy and couragw needed for the move to an industrial or market amea Somc pcopks gcl that pidgins smc wag becatsc cf the Best snd os way they py with hc structural patterns of their basc language。 In a scnsr.the charge is correct pidgins have no respect for the grammars of tbeir base angrages But 下i doesnt make pidgins wrong since he radical simphification we find in pidgins servcs a worthwisls gpal- communicahon。 Because ofits simple structure a pidgin is easier to learn than other languagcs_ By providing a means of communication in a community. it fac抽tates tbe integration* of newcomers who would have a much more dificult time larning a standard Europcan language_ Tinaly. mdgins rc a reahty whosc cxistcpce is pot bject to dkbate。 Tbcr re dozeps of dgins. many of which show no signs of dying out Since tey arisc sponiapeously wherever people need to talk. pidgins probably represcnt the primative communication system out of which our more respected modern languages dcveloped。 This fact alonc makes them wel orth our attenton aped tom umeaer rax 3 cawos pe 23rの4 ne Os Se tee Dame e Leezaet ras ea PT ーッー

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21. Thanks to izuka's achievements, bamboo works were accepted as Japanese art, although they had been underestimated compared with metahvorks and ceramics. 3. they had been understood as well as metaworks and ceramics b. they had been easily comparable to metalworks and ceramics c. they had been as highly appreciated as metavorks and ceramics d. they had not been as highly evaluated as metalworks and ceramics The enigmatic ancient underwater structure off the coast of Yonaguni Island is just out of this world. 3. strange and depressing 5. wonderful and extraordinary c. unfamiliar and malevolent d. heavenly but noisy