この問題の解き方ですが、ブロック［あ］は、段落初めにある前提で考えているのですが、 何を示しているか不明な代名詞がないためら(B)が1番に来ると考えられる。 the physics experimentが(C)のItと対応しているため(B)→(C)。 ここで残りを見て、(... 続きを読む

5.空欄 あ 適した順に並べ替えなさい。 (A) In the end, this research convinced me I was wrong. (B) In the physics experiment, the students took tests to gauge how much they had learned about statics and fluids. (C) It turns out that despite enjoying the lectures more, they actually gained more knowledge and skill from the active-learning session. (D) The result surprised me as I believed for a long time that we learn more when we're having fun. (E) This required more mental effort, which made it less fun but led to deeper understanding. を構成する次の(A)~(E) の文を文脈にもっとも

この文章の However, the lecture, knowing that the themes of these games must be violent~の部分で、 knowingは分子構文を表しているのでしょうか？コンマが入ると文が分かりにくくなってしまいます... 続きを読む

The reading passage focuses on the violent themes of video games and blames them for the resulting violent acts committed by children. They cannot tell violent acts in the games from those in reality. However, the lecturer, knowing that the themes of these games must be violent by nature, points out the poor supervision by parents and teachers. They are to keep their children away from the danger of video games. (267 words)

第7段落の下線部ですが、訳の意味がわかりません。わかる方教えてください！！

as ys 5 6 One day, a college professor named Denis Osborne came to lecture on physics, giving Mpemba an opportunity to talk to an expert on the subject. He repeated his question, but this time he got a quite different reaction. The professor first smiled and asked, “Is it true? Have you done it?" After Mpemba la horruitnos ewenibaa admon M answered "Yes," the professor said, "I do not know, but I promise to try this experiment when I am back at my college." 7 Professor Osborne kept his word and carried out the experiment himself. He found that for temperatures up to 20°C, the time was roughly proportional to the temperature above freezing, up to a maximum of 100 minutes at 20°C. For higher temperatures, however, the time dropped dramatically, down to 40 15 minutes for water at 80°C. le 10► 700

(2)番についてです 自分は位置エネルギーと大気圧への仕事も考えてW=pΔv+MgL/2+p0ls/2 と考えたのですが、解答では位置エネルギーとか考慮していません。なぜですか？

142 熱 49 熱力学 断熱材で作られた円筒形の容器に〔mol]の 単原子分子の理想気体が入っていて、圧力と温 TOK] は大気のそれと等しい。 ピストンMの 質量は 〔kg] で滑らかに動く。はじめMはス トッパーAで止まっており、容器の底からの高 さはLQm] である。 気体定数をR [J/mol・K], 重力加速度(m/s²] とする。 (1) ヒーターのスイッチを入れて気体を加熱し たところ, 温度が T1 [K] になったときM が上に動き始めた。温度 T と気体に加えた熱量 Q1 〔J〕 を求めよ。 (2) Mはゆっくり上昇を続け高さが2.2L[m]となった。このとき の温度 T [K] を求めよ。 また,Mが動き始めてからこのときまで に気体がした仕事 W 〔J〕 と気体に加えた熱量 Q2 〔J〕 を求めよ。 ここでヒーターのスイッチを切った。 そして,外力を加えてMを ゆっくりと押し込み、元の高さL 〔m〕まで戻した。 このときの気体 の温度 T3 〔K〕 を求めよ。 また, このとき気体がされた仕事 W 〔J〕 を求めよ。 ただし、この断熱変化の過程では圧力と体積Vの間に (京都工繊大) はPV =一定の関係がある。 Base M ヒーター 10000 Cv= Level (1), (2)★ (3)★ Point & Hint (1) 前後の状態方程式と、ピストンが 動き始めるときの力のつり合いを押さ える｡ 大気圧をPo, ピストンの面積をS とでもおくとよいが,これらの文字は 答えには用いられない。 (2) なめらかに動くピストンが自由になっていると 定圧変化が起こる。 定圧変化では, 気体がする仕事 = PAVとなる。 (3) 断 熱変化では,PV=一定が成り立つ。 γは比熱比とよばれ, y=Cp/Cv ここで は単原子なので,y= =1/12/2/12/2R=7/3/3 となっている。あとは第1法則の問題。 5 h= 単原子分子気体 nRT U= 3 5 = 2R CP=R 2 ※ この3式は「単原子｣のとき LECTURE 初めの気体の状態方程式は ピストンが動き始めるときの圧力をPとすると PSL = nRT …..……② (1) そして,このときのピストンのつり合いより PS = Pos+Mg...... ③ T₁=To+ _MgL nR4 ①〜③ より 定積変化だから より (2 そして (2) Pi での定圧変化が起こる。 状態方程式より P₁S³/L=nRT₂ また, Q=nCvAT= PSL = nRTo ...... ① T₂ = ³2 T₁ = 3 (To+ MgL nR W2 = Pi4V = Pi P.(S. 3/L-SL) Q2=nCpAT = n 状態方程式より 5 2 第1法則より より 49 熱力学 nR(T₁-To) = MgL 2 2 T3= ③ -T₁ (3) 高さまで押し込んだときの圧力をP3とすると P.(S-L)* = P.(SL) P3= 3 PS を用いて. Ws = Mg AU』を調べ ( 4U2=2R(T-T)) 第1法則 4U2 = Q2+(-Wa) を用いて Qを求めることもできるが、まわりくどい｡ =1/12P.SL=1/12nRT=1/12(nRT,+MgL) ②を用いた .. T = n. 52 R (T₂ - T₁) = (nRT. + MgL) 143 ピストンが動いて も上図の状況は変 P.S わらない。 つまり, 圧力 P1 は一定 'P・SL = nRT3 ...... ⑤ - (3) ³T = (3) (T. + MgL) 'T nR 2nR (T₁-T₂) = 0 + W₁ P1 = (2)(2)-1) (nRT. + MgL)

(2)番についてです 自分は位置エネルギーと大気圧への仕事も考えてW=pΔv+MgL/2+p0ls/2 と考えたのですが、解答では位置エネルギーとか考慮していません。なぜですか？

49 熱力学 断熱材で作られた円筒形の容器に〔[〔mol] の 単原子分子の理想気体が入っていて, 圧力と温 度TOK]は大気のそれと等しい。 ピストンMの 質量は Mi [kg] で滑らかに動く。はじめMはス トッパーAで止まっており, 容器の底からの高 さはL][m]である。気体定数をRJ/mol・K], 重力加速度を[m/s2] とする。 (1) ヒーターのスイッチを入れて気体を加熱し たところ、温度が T1 〔K〕 になったときM が上に動き始めた。 温度 T1 と気体に加えた熱量 Q1 〔J〕 を求めよ。 (2) Mはゆっくり上昇を続け、高さが12/23L 〔m] となった。このとき の温度T2 〔K〕を求めよ。 また,Mが動き始めてからこのときまで に気体がした仕事 W2 〔J〕 と気体に加えた熱量Q2 〔J〕 を求めよ。 ここでヒーターのスイッチを切った。 そして, 外力を加えてMを ゆっくりと押し込み, 元の高さL 〔m〕まで戻した。 このときの気体 の温度 T 〔K〕を求めよ。 また,このとき気体がされた仕事 W [J] を求めよ。 ただし, この断熱変化の過程では圧力Pと体積Vの間に は PV 3 =一定の関係がある。 (京都工繊大) Base 771 3 Level (1),(2)★ (3)★ Point & Hint Cv= Cp= ※ この3式は「単原子｣のとき (1) 前後の状態方程式と, ピストンが 動き始めるときの力のつり合いを押さ える｡ 大気圧をPo, ピストンの面積をS とでもおくとよいが,これらの文字は 答えには用いられない。 (2) なめらかに動くピストンが自由になっていると 定圧変化が起こる。 定圧変化では,気体がする仕事=P⊿Vとなる。 (3) 断 熱変化では,PV=一定が成り立つ。 ♪は比熱比とよばれ, y=Cp/Cv ここで は単原子なので, y = = 12/12/12/2=121238 となっている。あとは第1法則の問題。 M -R ヒーター 10000 単原子分子気体 3 U= -nRT 2 5 R LECTURE (1) 初めの気体の状態方程式は PSL = nRTo ...... ① ピストンが動き始めるときの圧力をPとすると PSL = RT ...... ② そして、このときのピストンのつり合いより PS = PS+Mg..... ③ MgL Ti = To+ nR QinCvAT=- R(T₁-To) = 32 MgL ① ~ ③より 定積変化だから P1での定圧変化が起こる。状態方程式より PS・・ S/L=nRT2 4 (2) より そして そ T₁ = 3 T₁ = 2 (T. + Mg L nR W₁ = P₁AV = P₁ (S. 3/L-SL) より 49 熱力学 状態方程式より (3) 高さまで押し込んだときの圧力を P3 とすると B 第1法則より PS T3 = Mg また, Q2=nCAT=n212R(T2-T)=(nRT+MgL) 4U』を調べ ( 4U2=220R (T-T) 第1法則 4U2 = Q2+(-W)を用いて 4U₂ Qを求めることもできるが、まわりくどい｡ 143 P.(SL) = P.(SL) ( ∴. P3= P1 PS ピストンが動いて も上図の状況は変 わらない。 つまり, 圧力 P1 は一定 =1/23PSL=/1/2nRT=1/12(nRT+MgL) ②を用いた (2) *P₁.SL = nRT .... (3) ³T₁ = (3) ³( T. + MgL) 'T= nR 2nR(T₁-T₂) = 0+W₁ W₁ = (2) ² (2) ³-1} (nRT. + MgL)

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(1) 彼らは彼女に会ったと言ったが, それは嘘だとわかった。 ) ( They said they had met her, ( ( ) ( [be, which, a lie, to, proved] (2) 彼らの全員がその問題を理解できているわけではない。 Not( )(( ( ) the question. [of, them, can, all, understand] ) (verood (3) 私が昨日会っていたのは私の父です。 It was( :) ( ( ) yesterday. [that, father, I, met, my] ( DIA (4) きみの言いたいことはわかるよ。 I ( ) ( ). [what, understand, you, can, mean] ) ( (5) その事故が起こったのは去年です。 ) ( ( ) happened. [was, it, last year, that, the accident] ). )( )( ) ( ) ( )( ) )

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うそ (1) 彼らは彼女に会ったと言ったが,それは嘘だとわかった。 They said they had met her, ( )( ( )( )( [be, which, a lie, to, proved] (2) 彼らの全員がその問題を理解できているわけではない。 Not( ) ( )( ( )the question. [of, them, can, all, understand] (3) 私が昨日会っていたのは私の父です。 It was( ) ( ( (4) きみの言いたいことはわかるよ。 I( ) ( ( ) yesterday. [that, father, I, met, my] ( ) ( ). [what, understand, you, can, mean] (5)その事故が起こったのは去年です。 ( ) ( ) happened. [was, it, last year, that, the accident] :) ( ). ) ( ) ( ) lidl zovel )( ) (

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【ⅢI】 次の(A), (B)の設問に答えよ。 (A)14点,(B) 6点) (A) 次の英文を読んで下の設問に最も適切な解答をせよ。 特に指示のない選択式の設問は記 号を1つ選んで答え, "You may choose more than one option." と指示のある設問に対して複 数の記号を選ぶ場合は, アイウエオ順に解答すること｡ Mike: Hello Alex, long time no see! Alex: Hi, it's been almost two years since we last met each other! How were you doing? Mike: Until recently, I was frustrated that I could not meet my friends at university, but I was able to spend more time with my family, so I was okay. By the way, how did you like the online classes? Alex: Personally, I did not like them. It was difficult for me to maintain my concentration at home. Also, I could not resist the temptation of using my smartphone, because there was no supervisor at home who checked whether I was working hard or not. Mike: If you use your phone during class, the professor will definitely tell you off! Mo Alex: Another reason why I prefer in-person classes is that I can ask questions or have discussions with my friends. In the Pre-covid-19 era, when I had questions, I went up to my friend Thomas, one of the best students in our faculty and he taught me everything that I did not understand. Mike: That was a huge issue for me as well. If I have questions piled up, then I am more likely to dislike the subject and have more anxiety towards it. So, my friends and I decided to have meetings online on a regular basis and this helped me to worry less about online learning. Alex: That was really ( 1 ) of you, I should have done that! So, are you in favor of online learning? Mike: Yes, although I have less face-to-face interaction with friends, I like online learning more because I do not have to spend a lot of time commuting to school. I live far away from university and it takes two hours for me to get here by train. B(A) Alex: Really! I did not know that, what time do you wake up? Mike: I usually wake up at 5 am. Alex: That's so early! What do you do on the train? Mike: I just do netsurfing and I do not feel that I use my time productively on the train. If we can continue to take online classes wherever we want, we can get more flexibility in our schedules, We won't have take the time to commute to the university to attend classes, or if we like it, we may even be able to watch lecture videos on our phones while traveling by train. Alex: I understand your opinion, but didn't you have any technical problems? Mike: I only had a few. Besides, most of the professors posted recorded videos of lectures after class. So, I watched the recordings when I missed some parts. Furthermore, I could study at my own pace and the videos allowed me to digest what I had learned. Alex: That's a good point, but it had an adverse effect on my learning. Mike: How? Alex: I started skipping my online classes because I thought I could just watch those recorded videos later. So, just before exams, I had so many videos to watch. Mike: Maybe, traditional classroom settings might be better for people like you. Alex: I think so. Oh, it's time to go to class. Mike: Oh, yeah, have a good day. Alex: You too! 問1 NOTES Topic of the conversation: (2) Standpoint Basis Mike (3) (5) Choose the best one to complete blank 1. 7 because cruel clever I kind 2 Choose the best title to complete blank 2. 7 How to get good results at university Technical issues in online classes Safe remote learning at home I Online learning or learning face to face Alex (4) (6) -11-

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【Ⅲ】 次の(A), (B)の設問に答えよ。 ((A)14点,(B)6点) (A) 次の英文を読んで,下の設問に最も適切な解答をせよ。 特に指示のない選択式の設問は記 号を1つ選んで答え, "You may choose more than one option." と指示のある設問に対して複 数の記号を選ぶ場合は、 アイウエオ順に解答すること。 Mike: Hello Alex, long time no see! Alex: Hi, it's been almost two years since we last met each other! How were you doing? Mike: Until recently, I was frustrated that I could not meet my friends at university, but I was able to spend more time with my family, so I was okay. By the way, how did you like the online classes? Alex: Personally, I did not like them. It was difficult for me to maintain my concentration at home. Also, I could not resist the temptation of using my smartphone, because there was no supervisor at home who checked whether I was working hard or not. Mike: If you use your phone during class, the professor will definitely tell you off! Hot Alex: Another reason why I prefer in-person classes is that I can ask questions or have discussions with my friends. In the Pre-covid-19 era, when I had questions, I went up to my friend Thomas, one of the best students in our faculty and he taught me everything that I did not understand. Mike: That was a huge issue for me as well. If I have questions piled up, then I am more likely to dislike the subject and have more anxiety towards it. So, my friends and I decided to have meetings online on a regular basis and this helped me to worry less about online learning. Alex: That was really (1) of you, I should have done that! So, are you in favor of online learning? Mike: Yes, although I have less face-to-face interaction with friends, I like online learning more. because I do not have to spend a lot of time commuting to school. I live far away from university and it takes two hours for me to get here by train. Alex: Really! I did not know that, what time do you wake up? Mike: I usually wake up at 5 am. ant mo Alex: That's so early! What do you do on the train? Mike: I just do netsurfing and I do not feel that I use my time productively on the train. If we can continue to take online classes wherever we want, we can get more flexibility in our schedules, We won't have to take the time to commute to the university to attend classes, or if we like it, we may even be able to watch lecture videos on our phones while traveling by train. Alex: I understand your opinion, but didn't you have any technical problems? Mike: I only had a few. Besides, most of the professors posted recorded videos of lectures after class. So, I watched the recordings when I missed some parts. Furthermore, I could study at my own pace and the videos allowed me to digest what I had learned. Alex: That's a good point, but it had an adverse effect on my learning. Mike: How? Alex: I started skipping my online classes because I thought I could just watch those recorded videos later. So, just before exams, I had so many videos to watch. Mike: Maybe, traditional classroom settings might be better for people like you. Alex: I think so. Oh, it's time to go to class. Mike: Oh, yeah, have a good day. Alex: You too! 問1 NOTES Topic of the conversation: ( 2 ) Standpoint Basis Mike (3) (5) Choose the best one to complete blank 1. 7 because cruel clever I kind 2 Choose the best title to complete blank 2. 7 How to get good results at university Technical issues in online classes Safe remote learning at home I Online learning or learning face to face Alex ( 4 ) (6) -11- 18

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(1) It is not easy ( 1 that I learn (2) Don't forget ( 1 visit 本 (4) I am hoping ( 1 finished 標準 (3) What do you say to our ( ) this weekend? 1 go to fish (2) going fishing 3 go to fish 標準 標準 (5) Don't worry. It will stop ( 1 to rain rain (7) I want ( 標準 (6) I'm looking forward ( 1 to see 1 Tom to be (8) Never fail ( ) a new language. 2 me to learn wear ) us when you come to London next time. 2 to visit (3) to visiting (9) He managed ( arrive ) my homework today. finishing 3 ) honest. (10) I will let Yumi ( 1 know (2 to seeing (2) Tom be ) you. 2 ) your seat belt. wearing 2 of me to learn ) before evening. 3 raining (3) (3) finish seeing for Tom be to wear ) at the lecture hall in time. arriving to arrive 4 4 (4) for me to learn having visited go to fishing to finish rainy ) what time will be convenient for me. known knowing see Tom is in wearing arrived to know