ページ1:

授予動詞
句型S+授予V+人+物=S+V+物+介系詞人
Ex. Dad bought me a book.
=
Dad bought a book for
me.
=
Dad bought it for me.
to show, give, lend (1), read (A), write...
for buy, make (E), order (J). leave (7), save ($7),
-
ask(要求),get(拿取)
"to / for bring
->
'of, ask (PB)
11-
from
借出/入動詞
.
borrow (1)
1 lent him a dictionary. = 1 lent a dictionary to him.
感官動詞
=
He borrowed a dictionary from me.
→ ≥ † = JR. – X −look at, see, watch, hear, listen to, feel. notice
句型 主動句→S+感官V+0.
+
原V(事實 )
Ving (進行)
P.P.(被動)
被動句 → O+ bev 感官 p.p.+
{
to V by S...
Ving
Ex.
I saw Peter steal someone's wallet just now.
I heard Jim shouting at his
teacher while I was walking by his classroom.
3.
I saw the man caught by the police because he robbed the bank.
Lisa was noticed to cheat in the test this morning.
I heard she played the piano well when she was young.
I heard she play the piano well last night.

ページ2:

.使役動詞
- make, have, let
(表命令): (表允許)
句型: 主動向→S+使役V+O+(hot)+
1.
Ex.
2.
3.
原V(主動)
P.P.(被動)
70+ bev 1½ pp. + to V by S
Dad made /had me clean my bedroom.
tt: Dad asked/got/ordered/ told me
to clean
my
bedroom.
Dad made his car repaired because it was out of order.
I was made to finish the report by today.
注意:make 之後也可加形容詞或名詞
2.
0
Don't make ( your parents worried/worry about you.
His dad made him a successful musician.
let的否定句
Let's not play outside. It's too cold.
->
=
Please don't let me stay there alone.
A'
Please don't leave me alone.
連綴動詞
<1>
-
1表示主詞的狀態,之後加形容詞(主詞補語)
1 EX look. taste, smell, feel, sound
①
(π)
用法 > 之後可接like+N/Ving
1.
③ 不可用於進行式(feel例外)及沒有被動式
(a)
Ex. How does the coffee taste? It tastes bitter.
=
(n)
What does the coffee taste like? It tastes like medicine.
3.
That sounds great.
=
That sounds like a great idea.
That sounds interesting. = That sounds like fun.
Lisa, wants to go to the party.
would like to
go
feels like going
4.
It looks rainy.
=
It looks like rain.

ページ3:

<2>
> get, become, turn (into), grow, go, come....
用法→可以用於進行式,表示漸漸.....
1.
Ex. It's getting / becoming hot. / hotter and hotter.
3
4.
He became a scientist.
The prince turned into a beast.
Don't use cellphones in the dark, or your eyes may go blind.
I hope that my dream will come true.
keep, stay, remain....
Ex. Please keep / stay clam when there's an earthquake.
<4>
1.
1: seem, appear + (to be) # / to V
".
Ex. The exam seems to be difficult.
He doesn't
• appear to join the party.
☆重要比較(ook,連緻V(看起來)+ 形
1.
Ex.
{
{
感官 v(看著)+情副
He looked happy at that time.
He looked happily at me.
J.
{
He looked happier than
any
other boy.
any
other boy.
3.
!
交通工具
He looked more happily at me than
I Look carefully when crossing the road.
He looked careful when crossing the road.
S+take/ride/drive +
a/the/所有格+工具+ to 地方
ride onlin
=
S+ go/get to th
{
by 工具
on/ina/the/所有格工具
Ex.
He takes
the MRT to work.
=
He goes to work, by
MRT.
2
• rides on
He drives his car to work.
=
He drives to work.
on the
=
He
goes
to work, by
in his
car.

ページ4:

動名詞(Ving)→當名詞、主詞
不定詞(to-v)→,當名詞
受詞
補語
當形容詞(放在N之後,做後位修飾)
當副詞(修飾v.表目的)
.當主詞,視為一件事,須加單數v
<>
<2>
Eating fruit is good to you.
Eating fruit and vegetables is good to you.
Si
Sz
Eating fruit and doing exercises are good to you.
Eating habits are important to you.
Playing basketball is exciting to John.
To play basketball is exciting to John.
= It's exciting for John to play basket ball.
<3>
重要四合一比較
Think twice before
you
make
any
decision.
2.
Thinking/To think twice before you make any decision is really important.
Think twice before
you
make
any
• decision, and you won't regret.
By thinking twice before you make any decision, you won't regret.
I Not to regret, you'd better think twice before
.當受詞
"A
<z>
:
you
make any decision.
finish, enjoy, practice, mind, waste, imagine, keep, spend,
have fun (have a good time), have trouble/problems, can't help,
be V used to, look forward to, go + Ving (1541), feel like,
take one's time, be V busy, int,
{ int Ving, Tik
with + N
命令
want, would like, ask, tell, teach, learn, order, get, volunteer
decide, chose, suggest, invite, plan, hope, wish, advise,
make up/change one's mind, do / try one's best.
TA
:
Ving to-V like, love, hate, start, begin

ページ5:

<4>
Ving 和to-v意義不同
a. remember forget to V (16)
Ving (動作已做)
b.stop stov (停下來去做下一個動作)
C.
1. try
Ving (停止目前的動作)
→ He can't stop laughing. He keeps laughing.
to V (設法嘗試去做)
Ving ()
d. +need+ to v
+need+ Ving / to be p.p.
-
The car needs to be repair/repairing.
e. help + 0. + V / to-v / with N
3.當補語
4>
→
主詞補語
He usually helps his mom do / to do with the housework.
He can't help crying out loud.
He can't help but cry out loud.
=
Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.
My hobby is collecting / to collect stamps.
22 受詞補語
We watch the kites fly /flying higher and higher.
He asked me to repeat after him.
4. 當形容詞
<>
<1 need a pen to write with.
<3>
Anything to drink 2
5. 當副詞
<1>
<2>
"He needs someone to talk to /with.
"The question is too difficult to answer.
=
<2>
<3>
The question is so difficult that I can't answer it.
"He is tall enough to reach the bookshelf.
"He went to the library (in order) to return the book.

ページ6:

附加問句
7
前肯後后,前後肯,not須縮寫,主詞須用代N
1. There is nothing I can do for
is there ?
2.
3.
you,
Everyone has their own work, don't they?
Judy seldom read comic books, did she?
4. He's too short to reach the bookshelf, isn't he?
5. The baby was crying out loud, wasn't it ?
6. That can't be Judy's boyfriend, can it?
7. She's come several times, hasn't she?
8. She's coming soon, isn't she?
9. They have dried the towels, haven't they
10. They have to dry the towels, don't they?
?
2
11. I'll give you a call when Peter arrives tomorrow, won't I =
12. I don't think you should give him one more chance, should you ?
13. He believes that life is always bright, doesn't he?
14., He's invited to the party, isn't he?
→
,被動
→完成
He's invited me to the party, hasn't he?
*其他特殊附加問句(祈使句,Let's)
1. Don't let him go, will you
3.
2
Concentrate in class, will you.
3. Let's make a team,
4. Let's not
go
shall we
?
2
there alone, all right/ok ?
5. Have some cookies, won't
感嘆句
1.
→
you
what alan + 形+單數可數N!
What+形+複N/不可数N!
The pancake is so delicious.
What a delicious pancake!
How delicious the pancake is
2 →
邀請
3.
{How + #+ S. + bev!
How+副+S.+一般v!
→
BABY! What smart students!
• ± 3 4 5 → How fast he runs!

ページ7:

名詞子句
當作主詞、受詞補語、同位語
種類 that 子句(表示肯/否定意味且語意完整的子句)
間接問句 疑問詞+SV
whether /if +5V ~
1.當主詞(that 不省
*
if 子句不能當主詞
5.
<1>
<2>
That he did it was an accident.
{ What he did was an accident.
That he loves you is true. = It is true that he loves you.
=
Whether he loves you doesn't matter. It doesn't matter whether he loves
2.當受詞(that 可省)
<1>
<2>
I don't think (that) he will help you.
I'm surprised (that) he told you about it.
I'm surprised what he told you.
I wondered
I have no idea
3. 當補語
<>
<2>
whether / if he'd passed the test.
what happened to him.
how that could happen.
how many people there are in the parade.
he didn't tell me the truth.
how long he has been living in Taipei.
who the man with black hair is.
what I should do.
how I should do it.
不能當受詞
V.
D.
The worst thing is that I forgot to do
SC.
my
homework.)
The problem is whether he can arrive in time or not.
* 當同位語
The report that Jolin broke
up
y
with her boyfriend was true.
The report whether Jolin broke up with her boyfriend was unknown.

ページ8:

5.
名詞子句可以簡化成名詞片語(whether/if 子句,that子句不可簡化)
> 疑問詞+SV-> 疑問詞 + to V
I don't know what to do x.
who to talk to.
what place to go
how to do it.
what to talk about.
why to do it.
how to talk x.
where to
go
x.
who to ask x.
副詞子句
1.
連接詞的功能
a.
:
when I while / as ($), before/after, since, until, as soon as (-...
b. 表示條件: as long as (只), if(假如), whether (無論是否), unless (除非)
C.
d.
* because, very/too ... that ~ (/... B~)
:
so / such... that.
~
(如此...以致於~)
(為了,以便於)
e. * in order that ~ (3), so that
~
f.although though, even if / even though (1)
<比較>
1. He ate breakfast before he went out. / going out.
=
He went out after
eating
breakfast.
2. He didn't tell me the truth until I asked him.
3.
4.
"
We will make it as long as we don't give up.
111
go
back to school as soon as I feel better.
He helped those people although he wasn't rich.
He helped those people because he was rich.
He's So excited that he can't even say a word.
He's very/too excited that he
got
the highest score.
He studied hard so that he was able to pass the exam.
6. He has lived here since he was young.
He had lived here by the time / before I moved here.

ページ9:

.副詞子句的時態
He always drinks some coffee after he wakes up.
He will drink some coffee tomorrow after he wakes 以現代表
He used to drink some coffee after he woke up.
+VR
up.
-
He was drinking some coffee when I called him last night.
He had drunk some coffee before I bought him another cup yesterday.
剛才
He has drunk some coffee since I came here just now.
★副詞子句與名詞子句時態的比較
1.
2
}
I'm not sure if it will be rainy tomorrow.
I'll stay home if it is rainy tomorrow.
是否(名詞子句)
→假如(副詞子句)
I'm not sure whether John will be rich in the future.
1'/
marry
John whether he is rich in the future.
(5)
(
3.
I'm not sure when Peter will arrive here tomorrow.
→
-
當(副詞子句)
Tell me when Peter arrives here tomorrow.
形容詞子句(關係子句)
→
,用來修飾N(先行詞),做後修飾
用法: 主格(不省可代): who/that, which /that
.主格用法
2.
() whom I who / that /x, which I that /x
(1) whose, whose / of which
I like one of the pictures which / that were drawn by my daughter last week.
I like the only one of the pictures which/ that was drawn by my daughter last week.
I like one of the pictures drawn by my daughter last week.
Let the man who that is standing at the door come in.
分詞片語
Let the man standing at the door come in.
Ex. The man called Edison invented light bulbs.
<2>
<3>
The dogs running over there are mine.
Can
you read the letter written in Japanese ?

ページ10:

二、受格用法
=.
2.
I like the man to whom you talk (to).
I like the man who / that talks to you.
The chair where you're sitting is broken.
★關係副詞(介係詞+which)
The place where you were born is beautiful.
The date when I first met him" is my birthday.
The reason why he broke
The
how he
way
won
三、所有格用法
1.
2.
up
with
me
in
formakes
me heartbroken.
the race was amazing.
The woman whose hair is long is my sister.
I live in the house whose roof is red.
= I live in the house of which the roof is red.
四.that子句的用法
a. that
→
all, nothing
one, any
(thing
(thing
正是
the only,
the
very,
the same,
e, every one,
the序數,the 最高級,人+事物.重覆出現
b. 一定不能用 that →關代之前有逗號或介系詞
1. Karen, who is nice and pretty, is my teacher.
2. I like the teacher to whom
You are
talking.
3. People who love to exercise are usually healthy.
☆複合關代
先行詞+關代=what
all / anything / everything + that = what
7
Ex. Do
代替某些事物
you
like what I bought for you ?