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B501 現在完成式文法講義
*基本句型:
(1) 肯定句S+have/has+p.p.
Ex. She has
had
past
ZE81K-W
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have/hast PP
now
future
a lot of experience of waiting tables in other restaurants.
(她在其他餐廳已經有許多端盤子的經驗。)
(2) S+ have / has + not + p.p.
Ex. Those poor kids have
not
eaten proper meals in a long time.
(那些可憐的孩子已經很久沒有吃過像樣的一餐。)
(3) Yes/No Have / Has+S+p.p. …..?
*** Yes. S+ have / has.
*** No. S+ haven't / hasn't.
Ex. A: Have
you ever
heard of Dr. Brown before?
haven't
(你以前有聽說過Brown博士嗎?),
B: Yes, I
have / No, I
(是的,我有。不,我沒有。)
(4) Wh- Wh-+ have / has +S+ p.p....?
Ex. How
have you kept in touch with each other?
(你們一直以來怎麼保持聯繫的?)
(5) 常用疑問詞
①
How
Ex. How
=
+ have / has + S+ p.p....? (P-9 777
have
Jearn English?
Long
he long have you learnt English?
Since when
(你已經學英文多久了?)→問持續時間
[比較] When did you learn English?(你何時學英文的?)→問明確的時間點
②
How
Ex. How
many
times
many
times
(Tim 已經看多這本書幾次了?)
It is
+ have has +S+ p.p....? ( 1 / 1) =
has
Tim_read
(6) 其他句型 It+has been + 一段時間+ since + S+V-ed.
Ex. I
has
the book?
自從...已有....(多少時間
been 20 years since they moved to
(他們搬去澳洲已經有20年了。)
A

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have/has been
*使用時機:
+ving.
Instructo
(1)動作的完成
√ 表示從過去到現在為止已經完成,剛剛完成或尚未完成的動作。
① 搭配
already c
readu(用於肯定句)
already
drunk
. a larger glass of water, but she still fe
Ex. Rita has
(Rita 已經喝了一大杯水,但她還是覺得很渴。)
② 搭配
Helen
just (用於肯定句)
has
just
clearecall the rooms
in the house.
(Helen 剛剛整理完屋子裡所有的房間。)
③ 搭配
(用於疑問句/否定句)
Ex. Elva: Have you find your dog.
yet?
(你找到你的狗了嗎?)
have
Some of my friends.
(我有些朋友還沒看過那部電影。)
(2)動作的持續
√ 表示持續到目前為止的動作或狀態。
① 搭配
for
Ex. We haven't
not.
seen the movie
yet
+ 一段時間
seen each other
for
ma
(我們已經好多年沒有見到彼此了。)
[補充]相關搭配詞
any years
for the last/past+ 一段時間
for
the
Ex. The doctor has tried his best to save the old man
ten
minutes
(醫生在最後的十分鐘已經盡全力拯救這個老人。)
in the last/past+ 一段時間
Ex.
In
sick.
the
Jast two
months. Je
these
days.
(最後的兩個月內,Jerry已經病得很嚴重。)
these+一段時間
Ex. I have looked for the book I want
(我最近幾天一直在尋找我想要的這本書。)
lately/recently
Ex. How have you been
(你最近過得如何?)
Lately, recently

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②搭配 since
+ 過去時間點
Ex. Millions of people.
have
visited this museum
Since its opening in 1999.
(這個博物館自從1999年開幕以來已經有上百萬人參觀過。)
Since three years ago.
He has prepared for the entrance exam.
(從三年前開始,他就在準備入學考試了。)
③搭配 since + S + V-ed
Ex. Ten years.
I
have
passed
Since he
Jeft
his home country.
heard from him.
since he.
was
ten years old.
(自從他離開他的祖國已經十年過去了。)
have
not
(自從他十歲起,我就沒有聽說過他的消息。)
(3) 動作的經驗
√ 表示從過去到現在曾經有過的經驗次數。
① 搭配 ever (曾經)
Ex. Have you.
ever
②搭配 before(以前)
Ex. I have seen this man
seen Jackie in person?(你親自見過 Jackie 嗎?)
before. (我以前曾經看過這個男人。)
③ 搭配 once
twice three
Ex. My parents have seen my girlfriend
times many
times o
twice.(我父母已經看過我女朋友兩次。)
④搭配 never (從未)
Ex. I have never
seen the boy at our school before. (我從未在學校看過這個男孩。)
⑤ 搭配
So
far
(到目前為止)
far
Ex. A: Have you ever traveled abroad
(你到目前為止曾經出國旅行過嗎?)
So
B: No, I never have. (不,我從來沒有。)
⑥搭配
unti
now
(直到現在)
un
intil
now
Ex. I have not got the letter from Jenny
注意:
(直到現在我還沒收到來自Jenny的信。)
have been to / have gone to / have been in 的差別:

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have been to (去過...) 表經驗,人不在當地。
Ex. I have
been
(我曾經去過本島東部。)
the eastern part of the island.
Instructor: Sharon Hsi
Ex. The boss has
have gone to (已去.....表完成,人
當地或在前往當地的途中。
gone
to
the airport.
(老闆已經去機場了。)
have been in (已在...)表持續,人 在
Ex. My daughter has
been
(我的女兒已經在英國將近三年了。)
√ 瞬間動作如
當地。
in
England for almost three years.
die / marry, start, begin, leave *.
等,
不能搭配 for+ 一段時間。
Ex. Our dog has died for many years. (X) / Our dog has been dead for many years. (O)
I have married for two years. (X) / I have been married for two years. (O)
*練習:
1. They
2. I
have
(他們已經建造了一座跨河大橋。)
have
already.
built.
a bridge across the river.
eateni
two hamburgers, so I'm full.
answered me
yet.
ridden or
Con an elephant?
(我剛剛已經吃了兩個漢堡,所以我很飽。)
3. He
4.
has
(他還沒給我答覆。)
not
Have you ever
(你曾經騎過大象嗎?)
5. The boy has
6.
Made the same mistakes several times.
(這個男孩已經犯了好幾次相同的錯誤。)
How
many
(到目前為止,你去過日本幾次?)
7. How
long
(他表弟打排球有多久了?)
8. Her brother
has
times have
you.
been
to
has
her cousin
played
● volleyball?
been afirefighter for
fifteen years.
(她弟弟已經當了十五年的消防員了
9. Ken hasived with his grandmother since he was lit
(Ken 從很小的時候就跟他的祖母住在一起。)
10. Andrew and Stacy have
not
seen
each other since
(Andrew 和 Stacy自從2000年起就不曾見過彼此。)