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• State not state functions
0E=q+w
'
W = -Pext V (=
gas
-ART)
heat, w: work
I cal=4.184J
Thermodynamics Oth: thermal equilibrium
* entropy S
| enthalpy
1st:
Esys+Esurr = constant = Euni
Constant Psys W= -Pext V = - Psys V = -POV
E=p-PVP = DE + POV =>H
benthalpy heat of reaction
(change)
2nd spontaneous: Suni -05 sys + AS surr >0
3rd at ok, Sperfect crystal = 0
H = E + PV
*heat capacity (J/K)
Specific heat (J/g-k)
microscopic origin of heat capacity (4)
calorimetry constant P: measure H
bomb
KHf "standard states"
: Constant V: measure E
most stable form at 25°C, latm
△
Hof Celements) = D
→ 會和系統中物質的量成比例改變
extensive property.
H. S. G
X extensive property:
E
。