ページ3:

Atterborg limits
Stress
KN
.2.5
m²
→Strain
Solid
+
Semisolid Plassic
| Liquid
Shrinkage limit Plastic limit Liquid limit.
moisture
Content
(CL)
linch
(SL).
(PL)
土壤維持
飽和搓到3.2mm
(gin)
①做4次
②取回歸
孔隙大小不會再變
時斷掉
③ 找敲25下的w
Flow curve & Flow index.
W = - IF log N
soil mechanics_hw3
IF flow index (177)
:
N
:
number of blows
敲擊次數(代25下)
40
15. 39.5 ●
39
moisture content (%)
038
21, 37.9
37
25, 37.085.
29, 36.4
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
10
number of blows
(log scale)
38, 35.1e

ページ4:

Plasticity index
Shrinkage Limit
Vi
Vf
PILL-PL
SL
M₁-Mz
W
W₁ =
Mz
(cm³)
>> W
PL
LL W;
M:濕土重(g)
M2:乾土重(g)
(V; - Vf) ~SL 67 ok
Mz
SL = W₁-ow
=
(
M-Mz
M²
Shrinkage Ratio
SR
(V₁-Up) (w) 100%
Mz
Vf Pw
∙Gs=
SL
Sk
100
Mz

ページ5:

AASH TO classification system
中文 1
Size
Sieve
礫石
Gravel
75
~2mm
- No. 10
沙
Sand 2~
2~0.075mm
~ No. 200
粉土
Silt
0.075~0.002
mm
黏土 Clay
20.002mm
P1211
Table 5.1 Classification of Highway Subgrade Materials
General
classification
Granular materials
(35% or less of total sample passing No. 200)
A-1
G1=0
A-2
Group classification
A-1-a
A-1-b
A-3
A-2-4
A-2-5
A-2-6
A-2-7
Sieve analysis
(percentage passing)
從左開始查表
No. 10
50 max.
No. 40
30 max.
50 max
51 min.
No. 200
15 max.
25 max.
10 max.
35 max.
35 max.
35 max.
35 max.
Characteristics of fraction
passing No. 40
Liquid limit
40 max.
41 min.
40 max.
41 min.
Plasticity index
constituent materials
Usual types of significant
6 max.
Stone fragments,
gravel, and sand
NP
Fine
10 max.
10 max.
11 min.
11 min.
sand
General subgrade rating
General classification
Silty or clayey gravel and sand
Excellent to good
Silt-clay materials
(more than 35% of total sample passing No. 200)
Group classification
A-4
A-5
A-6
A-7
A-7-5°
A-7-6b
Sieve analysis (percentage passing)
No. 10
No. 40
No. 200
Characteristics of fraction passing No. 40
Liquid limit
Plasticity index
Usual types of significant constituent materials
General subgrade rating
"For A-7-5, PILL - 30
For A-7-6, PI> LL-30
36 min.
36 min.
36 min.
36 min.
40 max.
41 min.
40 max.
10 max.
10 max.
11 min.
Silty soils
41 min.
Clayey soils
11 min.
Fair to poor

ページ6:

group
index (G1)
GI↑ 工程性質↓
GI =
(F20035)[0.2 +0.005(LL - 40)] + 0.01(F200 - 15)(PI - 10)
where F200 percentage passing through the No. 200 sieve
LL = liquid limit
PI plasticity index
Plasticity index
70
60
50
40
黏土
A-2-6
A-7-6
↑
粉土
30
A-6
20
A-2-7
A-7-5
10
A-2-4
A-2-5
A-4
A-5
0
T
T
T
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Liquid limit
Cengage Learning 2014

ページ7:

Unified soil classification system
symbol
G
Gravel
S
Sand
M
Silt
C
Clay
3
P
L
Well graded
poor graded
Tow plasticity
I
Pass
No. 200
coarse No. 4 <50%
<50%
coarse No. 4 >50%
Nozoo
250%
GW: Cu > 4, 1 ≤ Cc ≤ 3
Cu > b, 1 ≤ Cc = 3.
Sw
11250
CL: PI>1
ML: P7<4
high plasticity
LL 750
Cu
0
=
C c =
organic
060
D10
(D30)²
Dbox Dio
P1-LL-PL
Plastic chart
Plasticity index
60-
50
0
40 30 20 10
0
壓縮性
U-line PI 0.9(LL - 8)
A-line PI = 0.73(LL - 20)
CH
or
OH
CL
or
OL
CL-ML
ML
or
OL
T
T
10 16 20
30
40
50
8-
60
-R
70
Liquid limit
MH
or
OH
8-8
8-
80 90
100
Cengage Learning 2014

ページ8:

Table 5.2 Unified Soil Classification System (Based on Material Passing 76.2-mm Sieve)
Criteria for assigning group symbols
Coarse-grained soils
More than 50%
retained on No. 200
sieve
Fine-grained soils
50% or more passes
No. 200 sieve
% No. 4
No.200
Gravels
More than 50%
of coarse fraction
retained on No.4
sieve
Sands
50% or more of
coarse fraction
passes No. 4
sieve
Clean Gravels
Less than 5% fines
Gravels with Fines
More than 12% fines
Clean Sands
Less than 5% fines
Sands with Fines
More than 12% fines
C≥4 and 1 ≤ C ≤3
C<4 and/or C <1 or C > 3
PI<4 or plots below "A" line (Figure 5.3)
PI>7 and plots on or above "A" line (Figure 5.3)
C≥6 and 1 ≤ C ≤3
C<6 and/or C <1 or C > 3
PI<4 or plots below "A" line (Figure 5.3)
PI > 7 and plots on or above "A" line (Figure 5.3)
PI>7 and plots on or above "A" line (Figure 5.3)
PI<4 or plots below "A" line (Figure 5.3)
< 0.75; see Figure 5.3; OL zone
Group
symbol
GW
GP
GM
GC
SW
SP
SM
SC
CL
ML
OL
Silts and clays
Inorganic
Liquid limit less
than 50
Organic
Silts and clays
Liquid limit 50
or more
Inorganic
Organic
Highly organic soils
Liquid limit-oven dried
Liquid limit--not dried
PI plots on or above "A" line (Figure 5.3)
PI plots below "A" line (Figure 5.3)
Liquid limit-oven dried
Liquid limit--not dried
Primarily organic matter, dark in color, and organic odor
CH
MH
< 0.75; see Figure 5.3; OH zone
OH
Pt
"Gravels with 5 to 12% fine require dual symbols: GW-GM, GW-GC, GP-GM, GP-GC.
"Sands with 5 to 12% fines require dual symbols: SW-SM, SW-SC, SP-SM, SP-SC.
D
*C₁ =
C
(D.)
DX D₁
"If 4 PI≤7 and plots in the hatched area in Figure 5.3, use dual symbol GC-GM or SC-SM.
If 4 ≤ PI ≤7 and plots in the hatched area in Figure 5.3, use dual symbol CL-ML.

ページ9:

Group symbol
GW
GP
<15% sand
≥15% sand
<15% sand
≥15% sand
GW-GM
→ <15% sand
≥15% sand
GW-GC
<15% sand
≥15% sand
GP-GM
<15% sand
GP-GC
≥15% sand
<15% sand
≥15% sand
GM
GC
→ <15% sand
Group name
Well-graded gravel
Well-graded gravel with sand
Poorly graded gravel
Poorly graded gravel with sand
Well-graded gravel with silt
Well-graded gravel with silt and sand
Well-graded gravel with clay (or silty clay)
Well-graded gravel with clay and sand (or silty clay and sand)
Poorly graded gravel with silt
Poorly graded gravel with silt and sand
Poorly graded gravel with clay (or silty clay)
Poorly graded gravel with clay and sand (or silty clay and sand)
Silty gravel
Silty gravel with sand
Clayey gravel
Clayey gravel with sand
≥15% sand
<15% sand
≥15% sand
GC-GM
<15% sand
Silty clayey gravel
≥15% sand
<15% gravel
SW
≥15% gravel
Silty clayey gravel with sand
Well-graded sand
Well-graded sand with gravel
Poorly graded sand
SP
<15% gravel
差在哪?
2 ≥15% gravel
Poorly graded sand with gravel
SW-SM
<15% gravel
≥15% gravel
SW-SC
<15% gravel
≥15% gravel
Well-graded sand with silt
Well-graded sand with silt and gravel
Well-graded sand with clay (or silty clay)
Well-graded sand with clay and gravel (or silty clay and gravel)
SP-SM
<15% gravel
Poorly graded sand with silt
≥15% gravel
Poorly graded sand with silt and gravel
SP-SC
<15% gravel
Poorly graded sand with clay (or silty clay)
≥15% gravel
Poorly graded sand with clay and gravel (or silty clay and gravel)
SM
<15% gravel
Silty sand
≥15% gravel
Silty sand with gravel
SC
<15% gravel
≥15% gravel
Clayey sand
Clayey sand with gravel
SC-SM
<15% gravel
Silty clayey sand
≥15% gravel
Silty clayey sand with gravel
Figure 5.4 Flowchart group names for gravelly and sandy soil (Source: From "Annual Book of
ASTM Standards, 04.08." Copyright ASTM INTERNATIONAL. Reprinted with permission.)

ページ10:

Step. 2 P
PI>7 and
plots on or
above
A-line
Steps
CL
No.200
<30% plus -
No. 200
<15% plus No. 200-
15-29% plus No. 200-
% sand 2% gravel
-30% plus
No. 200
% sand <% gravel
≥15% sand
% sand 2% gravel
% sand <% gravel
<15% gravel
≥15% gravel
<15% sand
Lean clay
Lean clay with sand
Lean clay with gravel
Sandy lean clay
Sandy lean clay with gravel
Gravelly lean clay with sand
Gravelly lean clay
<30% plus
No. 200
<15% plus No. 200
Silty clay
15-29% plus No. 200-
% sand
gravel
Silty clay with sand
Stop
LL< 50
Inorganic
LL
and plots on
or above
A-line
4s PI≤7
CL-ML
% sand <% gravel
% sand 2% gravel
<15% gravel
≥30% plus
No. 200
≥15% gravel
% sand <% gravel
<15% sand
≥15% sand
<30% plus
No. 200
<15% plus No. 200
15-29% plus No. 200-
PI < 4 or
plots below
A-line
ML-
% sand ≥% gravel
≥30% plus
No. 200
% sand <% gravel
% sand ≥ % gravel
% sand <% gravel
<15% gravel
≥15% gravel
<15% sand
≥15% sand
Silty clay with gravel
Sandy silty clay
Sandy silty clay with gravel
Gravelly silty clay
Gravelly silty clay with sand
Silt
Silt with sand
→ Silt with gravel
Sandy silt
Sandy silt with gravel
➤ Gravelly silt
→Gravelly silt with sand
LL≥50
LL-oven dried
Organic
<0.75
OL
LL-not dried
See Figure 5.6
<30% plus
No. 200
PI plots on
or above
CH-
<15% plus No. 200
15-29% plus No. 200
% sand 2% gravel
A-line
≥30% plus
No. 200
% sand <% gravel
Inorganic
<30% plus
No. 200
<15% plus No. 200
15-29% plus No. 200
PI plots
below
MH
% sand ≥% gravel
A-line
≥30% plus
No. 200
≥15% gravel
% sand <% gravel
<15% sand
≥15% sand
LL-oven dried
Organic
LL-not dried
OH
See Figure 5.6
% sand 2% gravel
% sand <% gravel
<15% gravel
≥15% gravel
<15% sand
≥15% sand
% sand % gravel
% sand <% gravel
<15% gravel
Fat clay
Fat clay with sand
Fat clay with gravel
→ Sandy fat clay
Sandy fat clay with gravel
Gravelly fat clay
Gravelly fat clay with sand
Elastic silt
Elastic silt with sand
Elastic silt with gravel
Sandy elastic silt
Sandy elastic silt with gravel
Gravelly elastic silt
Gravelly elastic silt with sand
Figure 5.5 Flowchart group names for inorganic silty and clayey soils (Source: From "Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 04.08." Copyright ASTM
INTERNATIONAL. Reprinted with permission.)

ページ11:

Compaction 夯實
·移除孔係中的空氣
+水→軟化劑
Gsrw
W: 含水量
W =
Ww
Ws
r↓:乾密度
S: 飽和度
W
W
944cm²
Gstw
rd
=
1+W
Ite
1+ Gs w
rzav
Yd
S=
Vw
Vv
· Zero-air-
(5-1)
理論
0空氣孔隙
19.85
- Zero-air-void curve (G = 2.7)
Yzav =
19.00
Line of optimum
4
18.00
150 blows)
layer A
30 blows//
layer
實驗
8
17.00
Gs rw
1+W.Gs
W
rw
W+
+ G5
GS
16.00
15.20
2
25 blows/
layer
20 Mows
layer
- void
敲越多下
能量越高
10
12
14
16
18
Moisture content, ax(5)
20
Sandy clay: Liquid limit 31 Plastic limit -26