Question

マリちゃん

英語の長文です
どこに文法表現があるか知りたいです！
よろしくお願いします。

5
UNIT3
Reading Passage
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Listening
When important events are happening around the world, most people turn to traditional media
sources, such as CNN and BBC,¹ for their news. However, during the invasion of Iraq by the
United States and its allies in early 2003, a significant number of people followed the war from the
point of view of an anonymous² Iraqi citizen who called himself "Salam Pax" (salam means "peace"
in Arabic, and pax means "peace" in Latin).
Salam Pax wrote a diary about everyday life in Baghdad during the war, and posted it on his web
site. Pax's online diary was a kind of web site known as a "blog." Blogs, short for "web-logs," are
online diaries usually kept by individuals, but sometimes they are written by companies and other
groups of people. They are a rapidly growing type of web site on the Internet. There are estimated
to be several hundred thousand blogs on the Internet, and with the popularity of other social media
sites, the number of people writing online about their lives continues to grow.
may find
A blog differs from a traditional web site in several ways. Most importantly, it is updated much more
regularly. Many blogs are updated every day, and some are updated several times a day. Also, most
blogs use special software or web sites which are specifically aimed at bloggers, so you do not need
to be a computer expert to create your own blog. This means that ordinary people who
computers difficult to use can easily set up and start writing their own blog. In 2003, the Internet
company AOL³ introduced their own blogging service, enabling its 35 million members to quickly
and easily start blogging.
There are many different kinds of blogs. The most popular type is an online diary of links, where
the blog writer surfs the Internet and then posts links to sites or news articles that they find interesting,
with a few comments about each one. Other types are personal diaries, where the writer talks
about their life and feelings. Sometimes these blogs can be very personal.
There is another kind of blogging, called "moblogging," short for "mobile blogging." Mobloggers
use cell phones to take photo's, which are posted instantly to the Internet. When the content and
images posted online involve news subjects, mobloggers become citizen journalists. In fact, the
Korean web site OhMyNews was a well known source for articles from international citizen
journalists. However, in 2010, OhMyNews stopped posting new articles. Instead, it is now a blog
site where citizen journalists can choose what makes the headlines, or just share ideas about how
regular people are changing the news world.
Anyone who visits the web site of a big media company can clearly see how the idea of blogging
has changed the reporting of news. Quite often, a list of reader comments follow news articles. It
seems that the news is becoming less like a report or a lecture, and more like a conversation, where
anyone can join in.
CNN, BBC Cable News Network, British Broadcasting Corporation
anonymous not named; unknown
3 AOL America Online

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UNIT 4
Reading Passage
Listening
Movies are probably the most popular form of entertainment today. Today's full-length movies
began with short motion pictures' developed in France in the late 1800s by the Lumière brothers.²
However, the world's first full-length movie, The Story of the Kelly Gang, came from Australia. This
silent movie, which showed the life of the notorious criminal Ned Kelly, opened at the Melbourne
Town Hall on December 26, 1906. It was over an hour long.
The movie industry has come a long way from its humble beginning, and today millions of dollars
are spent producing and advertising movies. Some of the most expensive movies ever produced
include Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (US$300 million), Spider-Man 3 ($258 million),
and Avatar ($237 million). In comparison, the most expensive Bollywood movie ever made, Endhiran
(The Robot), cost only $35 million to make.
However, when you compare the cost of an older movie with the value of money at the time it
was made, Cleopatra remains the most expensive movie ever made. Elizabeth Taylor played Cleopatra
in this movie made in 1963. One of the reasons why this movie cost so much money was because
Ms. Taylor had 65 different (and very expensive) costumes in the movie! This movie, if made today,
would cost a minimum of $306 million to shoot.
Some people, however, think that one movie beats this record. For All Mankind, a documentary
about NASA's nine Apollo space missions, was produced from film taken by NASA aboard its
spaceships over several years. If the cost of the spaceships is taken into account, the movie cost billions
of dollars to make!
The average budget of most Hollywood movies is over $65 million, and this rises to about $100
million when promotion costs are included. Often, the movie itself cannot make enough money
from ticket sales alone to cover the cost of production, and the studio relies on merchandising
to help make up fot poor
box office sales. For example, the Star Wars movies, which were a huge
success in terms of box office sales (averaging over $700 million each at the box office), have gone
on to make more than $20 billion from toys and other merchandising connected to all of the Star
Wars movies in the series.
The problem that Hollywood studios are finding is that as movie budgets increase, audiences expect
more and more spectacular special effects all of which cost increasing amounts of money. "You
have to drive the audience into the theater, and they will not be driven into the theater unless you
can show them something they have not seen before," says Joel Silver, the producer of the three
Matrix movies. "You have to wow them." With audiences taking expensive special effects for granted,
it seems that for the time being, big budget movies are here to stay.
'motion pictures films, moving pictures, movies
2 Lumière brothers Auguste (1862-1954) and Louis (1864-1948)
3 Ned Kelly (1854-1880) Australia's most famous historical criminal
4 box office cinema ticket sales office
O
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472 words