題組】
Smallholder coffee farmers often earn less than they need to survive. The story of Miguel, a smallholder
coffee farmer in Africa, is a case in point. Miguel did not own a big farm, so he could only produce a small crop
and make a small profit. This situation 268 as Miguel's coffee beans had to go through many middlemen
before they reached the retail elves. As a result, Miguel only got about 7% to 10% of the retail price as his
earnings.
Besides economic challenges, Miguel also faced social and environmental problems. Miguel's community
lacked infrastructure such as roads, schools, and hospitals. Without these, the community could not function
properly, let alone help Miguel, 27 his problems. What's worse, Miguel used cheap pesticides to