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物理 高中

物理錯題求解

4 17.8 18.G 全班總人次 全班總時數 12.( 10.(- )俄烏衝突期間造成國際物價上漲,其中食用油的原料之一茶花籽正是烏克蘭最大宗出口的農作物,假設一般葵花籽 的體積大約為2107立方公尺,如果將一莫耳的茶花籽均勻灑在世界國土面積最大的國家俄羅斯上,像是疊積木般層 層往上堆疊,則約可發出多少公尺的高度?(俄羅斯國土總面積約1700 萬平方公里) 101. (A) 0.7 公尺 (B) 7 公尺 (C) 70 公尺 (D) 700 公尺 (E) 7000公尺 x102. 3000 1. 下列關於原子內部結構探究過程的敘述,依照時間由先到後做排序,何者正確?X,03. (甲)湯木生陰極射線實驗,發現陰極射出帶負電的粒子, (乙)利用 o粒子撞擊鈹原子,發現不帶電的中子 (丙)利用a粒子撞擊金箔,發現原子內有核 104. 1000万 105. -20007 106. (丁)蓋爾曼用高速電子撞擊質子,發現質子內部有更小的結構 (戊)拉塞福發現每個元素中皆有「氫原子核」,後來命名為質子 (C) 丁乙戊丙甲 (A)甲丙戊乙丁 (B)甲戊乙丙丁 在人類還無法直接看到原子的時代,物理學家就對原子模型與內部結構的探索作了許多努力,然而對科學現象下定論 之前,皆需要充分的科學證據或實驗作支持,下列關於物理學家對原子模型敘述與相關實驗何者正確? (A)湯木生的陰極射線實驗結果可以測量出電子的電量大小 (B)根據湯木生提出的布丁葡萄乾模型(亦稱為西瓜模型),可推斷u粒子撞擊金箔後會產生很大角度的散射角 (C)由拉塞福的散射實驗結果顯示 u粒子撞後產生大角度偏折的機率極小,因此推算出原子內部的原子核體積極小 (D)卡文迪西扭秤實驗結果顯示電子繞著原子核轉,可從反射光的角度推算出來 (E)密立根油滴實驗驗證出電子電性為負電 107.. (D) 甲乙丙戊丁(E)甲丙乙戊丁 )已知鋰原子的密度約為0.53 公克/立方公分,其原子半徑約為152 皮米。若鋰原子核的半徑為原子半徑的十萬分之一, 則鋰原子核的密度大約為多少公克/立方公分?(視為球體計算,球體體積公式: TR,R為半徑) (A) 1010 (C)1013 (B) 1012 (E)1016 (D) 1015 )拉塞福為了探測原子內部結構,以u粒子向右方撞擊金箔,實驗裝置如右圖所示, 金箔位於裝置的圓心處,探測器可以沿著圓周移動,偵測散射到某個角度的u粒子數量 若將散射後 u 粒子的運動方向與入射方向的夾角定為0,取原入射方向為0度, 往兩側角度漸增,原入射方向的反向為 180 度,則散射 u粒子的數量n與0的關係圖 180° 90° 探測器 粒子源 金泊 0°

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自然科學 大學

想問3-9的a跟c

Problems 3-1. Explain the difference between *(a) random and systematic error. (b) constant and proportional error. *(c) absolute and relative error. (d) mean and median. *3-2. Suggest two sources of systematic error and two sources of random error in measuring the length of a 3-m table with a 1-m metal rule. 3-3. Name three types of systematic errors. *3-4. Describe at least three systematic errors that might occur while weighing a solid on an analytical balance. *3-5. Describe at least three ways in which a systematic error might occur while using a pipet to transfer a known volume of liquid. 3-6. Describe how systematic method errors may be detected. *3-7. What kind of systematic errors are detected by varying the sample size? 3-8. A method of analysis yields masses of gold that are low by 0.4 mg. Calculate the percent relative error caused by this result if the mass of gold in the sample is (a) 500 mg. (b) 250 mg. V(c) 125 mg. (d) 60 mg. 3-9. The method described in Problem 3-8 is to be used for the analysis of ores that assay about 1.2% gold. What minimum sample mass should be taken if the relative érror resulting from a 0.4-mg loss is not to exceed *(a) -0.1%? (b) -0.4%? (c) -0.8%? (d) - 1.1%? 3-10. The color change of a chemical indicator requires an overtitration of 0.03 mL. Calculate the error if the total volume of titrant is percent relative (a) 50.00 mL. (c) 25.0 mL. 3-11. A loss of 0.4 mg of Zn occurs in the course of an percent relative analysis for that element. Calculate the error due to this loss if the mass of Zn in the sample is *(b) 10.0 mL. (d) 30.0 mL. 190 (c) 188 (d) 4.52 x 103 4.63 x 103 4.53 x 10 ³ √6 *(a) 30 mg. (b) 100 mg. *(c) 300 mg. (d) 500 mg. 3-12. Find the mean and median of each of the following sets of data. Determine the deviation from the mean for each data point within the sets, and find the mean devi- Vation for each set. Use a spreadsheet if it is convenient. *(a) 0.0110 0.0105 (b) 24.53 0.0104 24.68 24.81 24.77 39.61 862 (f) 850 MA 3-13. Challenge Problem: Richards and W the molar mass of lithium and colle data. 24.73 Experiment 1 2 3 4 5 6 194 447 X 10 7 448 X 107 4.58 X 10 (a) Find the mean molar t workers. (b) Find the median molar ma (c) Assuming that the cam molar mass of lithium is the absolute ertor and of the mean value demi Willard. (d) Find in the chemical ues for the molar mus since 1910, and ag a table or spreadshera 1817 given in the a Richards and Willd. Com mass versus year to la of lithium has chang Suggest possible abruptly about 18 ant de (e) The incredibly deals Richards and W that major changes will occur. Disc calculation in pat (f) What factors ha since 1910? (g) How would you mass? 6See Chapter 2 of Applications of Microsoft Excel in Analytical Chemistry, 4th ed., for information about statistical 7T. W. Richards and H. H. Willard, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1910, 32, 4, DOI: 10.1021/ja01919a002. built-in statistical functions. "Answers are provided at the end of the book for questions and problems marked with an asterisk The I of ₂ or inc rce of able vas error c often in individu ate resul data in rtainties. dimensio andom e analysts The result

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