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Dinosaur Fossils In the past century, one of the most amazing findings by scientists has been dinosaur bones. Dinosaur bones also called fossils are the remains of old dinosaur skeletons. Sometimes scientists who discover dinosaur fossils just find footprints in the dirt. Other times, they find enough fossils to make a complete dinosaur. But how do dinosaur bones that are millions of years old get turned into fossils? How can something buried beneath dirt and sand last for so long? Fossil Formation When dinosaurs or other ancient animal or plant life dies, a gradual process begins. (A) Then the dead dinosaur is eventually covered by dirt and mud. (B) This leaves the hardest parts of the dinosaur- bones and teeth. (C) After thousands of years, the chemicals in the buried dinosaur's body go through a series of changes. (D) As the bone slowly decays, groundwater gets inside the bone. The minerals in the groundwater are replaced with the chemicals in the bone. These minerals are the same as the surrounding rock. As the dinosaur bone turns into a fossil, it becomes a heavy, rock-like version of the original dinosaur. It is now officially called a fossil. When scientists look for dinosaur fossils, they look for specific rock types. Fossils are usually found in either shale, siltstone, mudstone, or sandstone. Preservation (E) Preservation is an important word when studying fossils. (F) It means to keep something in the same condition for a long time. (G) One of the best examples of dinosaur fossils is in the Field Museum in Chicago. (H) The Tyrannosaurus Rex (or T-Rex) was the fiercest and largest dinosaur on the planet. It was a carnivore, or meat eater. T-Rex liked to eat smaller dinosaurs for dinner, using its powerful jaws to crush its victims. The skeleton of Sue was discovered in the dry plains of South Dakota in 1990 by Sue Henderson, a scientist. By studying prehistoric fossils, we can learn about life millions of years ago.

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1 see 2 do 3 drink 13 fall 4 bring 14 fly 5 sing 15 take 6 make- 16 give 3b Grammar • Present perfect vs Present perfect continuous 1 Write the past participles of these verbs. * 11 arrive - 12 swim- • have been - have gone 3 Fill in the gaps with have/has been or have/ 1 has gone. * A: Is Patrick there? B: No, he supermarket. 2 A: David speaks Spanish very well. B: That's because he 1 to the 2 to Spain many times, 3 A: Can I talk to the kids? B: I'm afraid they aren't here. They 5 เค 7 catch 17 read to the park. 8 ring 18 hear 4 A: Where's Jack? 9 leave - 19 find B: He's not here. He 10 feed 20 come to his friend's house. 22 (just/come) (not/be) to Spain yet. (shop) 3 Jane all morning and now she's feeling tired. (live) 4 She in Ireland since 1999. 4 5 The author (write) 1 a lot of best-selling novels. They haven't booked their places at the camp already / yet. 6 (he/buy) 2 She has for / just come in. gifts for everyone? 3 Julie has yet / already gone to sleep. 7 Kim (win) 4 It hasn't rained just / for three weeks. two gold medals so far. 5 8 Peter (not/call) yet. Don't come in here! I've just / yet cleaned the floor! 9 (you/find) 10 the car keys? a table for Dad's birthday? (Peter/book) 6 He hasn't been to his grandparents' house already/since last summer. 7 Ed has lived in Russia for / since 1995. 8 11 12 How long in this company? WORKBOOK (you/wait) long? (John/work) Has Frank left yet / just? 9 I haven't talked to him since / for days. 2 Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the present perfect continuous. * 1 Harry home. 2 We 6 A: Where do you want to go today? do B: Let's go to the zoo. We not long time. there for a • just - yet - already - since - for Circle the correct words. ✶ 5 A: Have you visited Rome? B: No, I haven't. But my sister there. She left a week ago.

วิชาอังกฤษค่ะ past continuous

Put th or the t night najor tunate The d he 2 3 4 1 2b Grammar • Past continuous Look at Paul's schedule and write what he was doing at: ⭑ • 7:15 - 8:15 • 9.25 - 12:10 • 14:20 - 16:45 . 7:00-8:00 have breakfast 8:00-8:20 go to school 9:20-11:00 have a maths lesson 12:00-13:10 eat lunch with friends 14:00-15:30 study for history test 16:00-17:00 play tennis 1 At 7 15, Paul was having breakfast 3 Write sentences about yourself. Use the p continuous. What were you doing ... ✶✶ 1 at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon? 2 at 10 o'clock this morning? 3 three hours ago? 4 last Saturday? 5 at 8 o'clock last night? 6 last summer? 7 at half past seven yesterday morning? 8 this time last week? 5 6 What were the people doing yesterday afternoon at 6 o'clock? Write questions. Then answer them, as in the example. * 1 Greg/read comics? (surf the Internet) Was Greg reading comics? No, he wasn't. He was surfing the Internet 2 Alan and Mark/play football? (do their homework) 3 Rita/tidy her room? (walk her dog) 4 Jack/play in the park? Ido the shopping) 5 Tammy and Frank/cook dinner? (sleep) Past simple vs Past continuous Circle the correct tense. * 1 They watched / were watching TV when the earthquake happened / was happening 2 The tsunami hit/ was hitting the coast yeste morning. 3 Mary was using / used a bandage becaus cut/ was cutting her leg. 4 The children screamed / were screaming the lightning bolt struck / was striking a their garden. 5 George was burning / burnt his hand w was cooking/cooked lunch. 6 The group was skiing / skied down th when an avalanche was occurring/c 7 Jenny was frying / fried fish when sh burning/burnt her hand.

ช่วยหาคำตอบ

FIRST CONDITIONAL REAL POSSIBILITY IF CONDITION PRESENT SIMPLE If she studies hard RESULT IF RESULT WILL/WON'T+BASE VERB she will pass the exam CONDITION WILL/WON'T+BASE VERB She will pass the exam PRESENT SIMPLE if she studies hard We use the first conditional when there is a real possibility that this condition will happen in the future. Exercise Write the verbs in brackets. Use the first conditional. 1-1 (stay) at home if it (rain) this afternoon. 2- If my brother, (go) abroad, I (be) very worried. 3- You 4- Melissa (not earn) enough money if you (can) to go out later if she (not work) more hours. (not finish) her homework 5-If1 (go) to the supermarket later, I (buy) some tomatoes. 6-Peter (get) wet if he (not take) an umbrella. 7-Ifi (find) the book you lent me, I (give) it back to you. 8-They (be) angry if we 9-What 10-Many workers 11-1 12-If he 13-My uncle 14-If you 15-Sandra, if you (not visit) them next Saturday. We promised to go. (not go) to work tomorrow? (happen) if you (lose) their jobs if that factory. (not buy) a bigger house if I (not finish) the vegetables, he (can) to go to the opera if he (close) down. (get) promoted at work. (not have) a dessert. (not remember) to get the tickets. (not taste) nice. (be) late for the meeting. (not put) sugar in your coffee, it, (not hurry up), you 16-Cristopher (be) so happy if he (find) the money he lost. 17-Your motorbike: (not break down) if the mechanic (check) it. 18-if you (not take) an aspirin, your headache, (not disappear).

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Grammar Practice ②Fill in the blanks with the given verbs in the past perfect tense. 1. They. 2. Paula (meet) on an expedition to the rainforest. 3. Mick had a memorable personality. She 4. He 5. She Expressions Practice (see) him as they prepared to leave. (not / forget) him. (bring) a mysterious package with him. (not / try) that type of cuisine before.

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Worksheet 1 Look at this clock. Read the words and numbers that help you to say what the time is. o'clock five to 11 12 five past ten to 110, N quarter to 6 ten past 3 quarter past 8 twenty to 00 $4 twenty past 7 twenty five to 65 twenty five past half past Match the clock faces below with the times. 1. four o'clock 2. half past twelve 3. quarter to nine 4. ten past six 5. twenty past two 6. five o'clock 7. quarter past three 8. five to eight T 65 3 " 12 ' 2 7 9 653 3 BEGINNING ESL-SECONDARY: UNIT 1: TIME DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION & TRAINING VICTORIA. 2003 PAGE 21

Present Perfect Continuous

9 Present Perfect Continuous (I've been cooking) 3 Here are some more examples: 1 We form the Present Perfect Continuous in this way: POSITIVE I/you/we/they have/'ve He/she/it been cooking. has/'s S NEGATIVE 1/you/we/they haven't He/she/it hasn't QUESTIONS Have 1/you/we/they he/she/it Has been cooking. }been cooking? (For details about -ing forms see Table C, on page 95.) 2 We use the Present Perfect Continuous for an action or situation that began in the past and continues until now: You're late! I've been waiting for you. We often use for and since with the Present Perfect Continuous. We use for with a period of time, and since with a point in time: I've been waiting for you for two hours. I've been waiting for you since 6 o'clock. PAST NOW Julia has been talking on the phone for an hour. (= She started talking on the phone an hour ago and she is still talking.) You've been sitting there since I o'clock. (= You started sitting there at one o'clock and you are still sitting there.) 4 We use the Present Perfect Continuous for actions that are done many times in a period. of time from the past until now: She's been having driving lessons for a couple of months. (= She started a couple. of months ago; she is still having lessons.) I've been playing tennis since I was a small child. 5 We can use How long with the Present Perfect Continuous: How long have you been living here? Practice A Write a sentence for each of the following situations, using the Present Perfect Continuous and for or since. 0 She started her course a month ago and she is still doing it. She has been doing her course for a month. 0 I started reading this novel last weekend and I'm still reading it. I have been reading this novel since last weekend. 1 It started raining at 3 o'clock and it is still raining. 2 He started playing chess when he was 10 and he still plays it. 3 I started work at 8 o'clock and I'm still working. 4 Helen started looking for another job two months ago and she's still looking. 5 We arrived here two hours ago and we're still waiting. B Put for or since into the gaps. 0 I've been working in this office since 1 Have you been doing this course 2 I've been driving this car 3 She has been planning the party 4 George has been telling the same stories 5 We've been waiting for a reply 6 What have you been doing. 7 You've been writing that letter 8 He's been feeling ill phone to someone all afternoon. a few days. C Complete these dialogues by putting the verbs in brackets ( ) into the Present Perfect Continuous. last summer. a long time? more than ten years. A: When did you arrive in London? B: Two weeks ago. A: Where have you been staying B: 1¹ But I am going to move to my own flat.next week. A: Hallo. What are you doing here? B: I'm waiting to see the manager. I 2 (wait) for half an hour. A: She's very busy. She 2 A: I didn't know that you could play the piano. B: Oh yes, I rain save study read make learn watch play the beginning of the month. several years. we wrote to them last week. the last time that I saw you? more than two hours. 0 She has been learning. 1 It 2 We 3 4 1 Wendy A: How long B: I started looking immediately after I lost my old job. I 6 5 We 6 The people next door. 7 I (you/stay)? (stay) with some friends in their flat. D Choose the best verb from the box to complete each sentence. Use the Present Perfect Continuous form of the verb. (talk) on the (have) piano lessons for a year. (you/look) for a job? (apply) for jobs for about six months. Spanish for six months. for hours; the roads are very wet. this game for hours. Let's stop! French at school for three years. this book for months, but I haven't finished it yet. this programme for hours. a lot of noise all day. my money for a holiday.

ช่วยหน่อยค่ะข้อ2-ข้อ4 อันแรกค่ะ

Fill in the gaps with the type 2 conditional sentences. 1. If my children fruit, I 2. The road traffic there 3. Communication if there 4. If the cardigan. so expensive, I 5. If I (be) some policemen. (not/be) so easy. for the Internet. (not/be) (buy) it. (not have) a (borrow) one. (not/be) so (wear) it tonight. (not like) chocolate so (give) you this piece. (be) more understanding, we could have a better relationship. 8. If you 9. If you (turn) the TV on, (wake up) our neighbours. (visit) the Eiffel Tower (go) to Paris. (be) you, I (apply) (apply) for the job, computer, I 6. If the dress tight, I 7. If I much, I Second and third conditionals Fill in the gaps so as to build correct type 3 conditional sentences. 1. If you we 10. We if we 11. If I for the job. 12. If Ann she (like) raw (not/ need) to boil it. (flow) if (not/be) (get) it. you 2. It 5. I would apply for the job if I 6. If I 7. You would need to find another job if you (damage) your eyes. (be) impossible to enter the (not/be) there. building if the porter 3. If the flight hadn't been delayed, my boss (arrive) on time to the meeting. (stop) at the red 4. If the driver sign, I 5. I 13. I would eat your adorable meatloaf if I 14. If you Fill in the blanks with either second or third conditional. 1. You 2. If you 3. If you had eaten at lunch, you 4. If there were an ashtray in the house, we smoke a cigarette. 6. If the thieves store, the owners 7. If you (not have) the accident.. (eat) the soup if it (not/be) so salty. (rob) the whole jewellery would have been ruined. (take) your umbrella, you (have) some protection, (not/ catch) a cold. 8. I storm if I 9. The burglars (manage) to escape the (be) more cautious. (escape) to a foreign (not/ catch) them. (learn) to play the piano, I country if the police 10. If you you could have participated in the contest. 11. If you (study) more, you (get) a better mark. 12. There (notice) my new haircut if you had been more attentive. (enjoy) modern art, we could visit the new exhibition. (not/be) so hungry now. (be) a fight if the police (not/ arrive) in time. (not/ need) to go to the balcony to (go) to the job interview, I might have got the job. (know) how to write an application letter. (move) to a new town. 8. I would exercise twice a day if I (have) more time. 9. If the T-shirt (not/be) so loose, I would wear it. 10. If the factory (not/ close), many workers wouldn't be unemployed. 11. If there hadn't been for the snow, most European airports (not/ close) during Christmas time. 12. If there wasn't for the fire, we (freeze) to death. (not/be) a vegetarian. (teach) me how to dance, I would learn it fast. ISLCollective.com

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18:35 < document Mr. Vanny Heng_ESL Teacher_Level 4 B Circle T for true or F for false. 1. Bethany Hamilton only surfed on the weekend. 2. Bethany Hamilton won competitions before she was 10. 3. Bethany Hamilton was attacked by a shark 4 Bethany Hamilton stopped surfing for three months. 5. Eric Yuan drove for 10 hours to see his girlfriend. B. Eric Yuan tried to get a visa oight times. 7. Eric Yuan started his company the year he arrived in the US. & Eric Yuan has a wife. C Complete the paragraph. Use the simple past of the verbs parentheses. (travel) alone for the first time. I (2). At the age of 13, 1(1). to visit my grandparents in Los Angeles. 1). far, but my mother (4) on the airplane and B) (0) airport and 8). two weeks, and I (11) (sit) next to me. My grandparents (B). (take) me to their home. I (10). my first time in Los Angeles, and I (13). the end, I (14). BLESSONS LEARNED (not, want) to go home! 2. Studying is important, & The study group meets on (have) so much fun with them! It (12). 4 I've been preparing for & She's taking guitar & I hope to get good 1. Did you -(go) (feel) very nervous about traveling so (get) (say). "Don't worry. You'll be fine." I (5) (talk) for a long time to a very nice woman who (meet) me at the (stay) there for VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR A Match the sentence halves. 1. Which classes are Mr. Vanny Heng_ESL Teacher_Level 4 (30 .(be) (see) lots of really interesting places. In a. grades this time. b. but we can have fun, too. B Complete the paragraph with the words in the box. Use the simple past. be find get go live finish When Chang was young, his family (1) (2) (4) 4G+ + 48% | c. my final exams for months. d. lessons after work. LIVEWORKSHEETS TF T F T F T F T F T F move TF TF e. you taking this year? f. Thursday afternoons in the library. 9. pass or fail? want in a small town. When he was eight, they to Shanghai. Chang (1) a good education there. He college when to become a computer programmer. He (5). he was 20 years old. Then he ). to New York City for a job interview. Chang (7) very lucky, and he got the job. He also (8). a cheap apartment, which was also very lucky, Chang invited his parents to visit him, but it was too far for them to travel. Q WL2 : WL2 1/2 LIVEWORKSHEETS 2/2