revie tentang analisis pertumbuhan ekonomi

03.29 4G KB/S ne-journal.unja.ac.id + :D 52 i Analisis kausalitas pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap ketim 1 dari 10 + e-Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Daerah Vol. 11. No. 1, Januari - April 2022 ISSN: 2303-1255 (online) Analisis kausalitas pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan di Indonesia (1999-2019) Granger Causality Rizky Enggar Wishartama*; Zulgani; Rosmeli Prodi Ekonomi Pembangunan, Fak. Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Jambi Abstract *E-mail korespondensi: rizkyenggar123@gmail.com The theory of economic growth states that an increase in economic growth will increase per capita income, decrease inequality in income distribution, and will have an impact on reducing the number of poor people, but an increase in economic growth also has an impact on an increase in the poor population, and an increase in income distribution inequality. So that the purpose of this study is to analyze the causality of economic growth and inequality of income distribution in Indonesia. The data that will be used in this research is secondary data which is time series from 1998-2019 obtained from the World Bank and the Central Bureau of Statistics. The analysis model used is the Granger Causality Test analysis. The variables that will be used in this research are GDP Indonesian at constant prices and the Gini ratio. Based on the results of this study, the development of Indonesia's gross domestic product based on the results of the Granger causality tends to affect the Gini Rato variable longer than the other way around. Keywords: Economic growth, GDP, inequality in income distribution, Gini ratio causality granger Abstrak Teori pertumbuhan ekonomi menyatakan peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi akan menaikkan pendapatan perkapita, menurunnya ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan, dan akan berdampak pada penurunan jumlah penduduk miskin, namun yang terjadi peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi juga berdampak pada peningkatan penduduk miskin, dan meningkatnya ketimpanan distribusi pendapatan. Sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kausalitas Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan di Indonesia. Data yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang bersifat time series dari tahun 1998-2019 yang diperoleh dari World Bank dan Badan Pusat Statistik, Model analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis Granger Causality Test. Variabel yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah PDB Indonesia atas dasar harga konstan, dan gini ratio. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini bahwa perkembangan produk domestic bruto Indonesia berdasarkan hasil kausalitas granger mengalami kecenderungan mempengaruhi variabel gini rato lebih lama dari pada sebaliknya. Kata kunci: Pertumbuhan ekonomi, Produk domestik bruto, Ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan, Gini ratio causality granger. PENDAHULUAN Pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan sebuah proses peningkatan pendapatan berjangka panjang. tolak ukur dari pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan suatu ukuran kuantitatif dalam menggambarkan perkembangan suatu perekonomian dalam tahun tertentu dibandingkan dengan tahun sebelumnya. Dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi belum 37 e-Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Daerah Vol. 11. No. 1, Januari - April 2022 ISSN: 2303-1255 (online) tentu adanya pembangunan ekonomi. Pembangunan Ekonomi adalah suatu proses yang menyebabkan pendapatan perkapita suatu masyarakat meningkat dalam jangka panjang, dimana tujuan pembangunan ekonomi ialah untuk memakmurkan masyarakat melalui pendapatan perkapitanya. Pembangunan ekonomi adalah suatu proses multidimensional yang melibatkan berbagai perubahan-perubahan mendasar dalam struktur sosial, tingkah laku sosial, dan institusi sosial, disamping akselerasi pertumbuhan ekonomi, pemerataan ketimpangan ☐

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Adapun bank pada zaman Hindia Belanda yang ada di Indonesia dan memiliki peranan penting pada waktu itu, sebagai berikut. 1) De Javasche NV 2) De Post Poar Bank 4) Nederland Handles Maatscappi (NHM) 5) Nationale Handles Bank (NHB) 6) De Escompto Bank NV 3) De Algemenevolks Crediet Bank Selain bank-bank milik pemerintah kolonial Hindia Belanda, terdapat pula bank-bank milik orang Indonesia dan orang-orang asing seperti dari Tiongkok, Jepang, dan Eropa. Bank-bank tersebut, antara lain: 1) Bank Nasional Indonesia. 2) Bank Abuan Saudagar 3) NV Bank Boemi 4) The Chartered Bank of India b. Bank-bank pada zaman awal kemerdekaan Indonesia 5) The Yokohama Species Bank 6) The Matsui Bank 7) The Bank of China 8) Batavia Bank Pada awal kemerdekaan, perbankan di Indonesia bertambah maju dan berkembang lagi. Beberapa bank Belanda dinasionalisasi oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Bank-bank yang ada di zaman awal kemerdekaan, antara lain: 1) Bank Negara Indonesia, yang didirikan tanggal 5 Juli 1946 yang sekarang dikenal dengan BNI 46. 2) Bank Rakyat Indonesia yang didirikan tanggal 22 Februari 1946. Bank ini berasal dari De Algemenevolks Crediet Bank atau Syomin Ginko. 3) Bank Surakarta Maskapai Adil Makmur (MAI) tahun 1945 di Solo. 4) Bank Indonesia di Palembang tahun 1946. 5) Bank Dagang Nasional Indonesia tahun 1946 di Medan. 6) Indonesian Banking Corporation tahun 1947 di Yogyakarta, kemudian menjadi Bank Amerta. 7) NV Bank Sulawesi di Manado tahun 1946. 8) Bank Dagang Indonesia NV di Samarinda tahun 1950 kemudian merger dengan Bank Pasifik. 9) Bank Timur NV di Semarang berganti nama menjadi Bank Gemari. Kemudian merger dengan Bank Central Asia (BCA) tahun 1949. c. Bank-bank pemerintah setelah masa kemerdekaan Perkembangan kegiatan perbankan semakin berkembang setelah adanya kemerdekaan Indonesia. Di mana pada masa ini banyak berdiri bank-bank milik pemerintah, baik yang berdiri sendiri maupun hasil nasionalisasi dari bank-bank milik asing. Pada masa ini kegiatan perbankan juga berkembang hingga ke pelosok pedesaan. Tahukah Anda sejarah bank pemerintahan? Berikut sejarah singkat bank-bank pemerintah. 1) Bank Sentral di Indonesia adalah Bank Indonesia (BI) berdasarkan UU No. 13 Tahun 1968. Kemudian ditegaskan lagi dengan UU No. 23 Tahun 1999. Bank ini sebelumnya berasal dari De Javasche Bank yang dinasionalisasikan di tahun 1951. 2) Bank Rakyat Indonesia dan Bank Ekspor Impor berasal dari De Algemene Volkscrediet Bank, kemudian dilebur menjadi bank tunggal dengan nama Bank Nasional Indonesia (BNI) Unit Il yang bergerak di bidang rural dan ekspor impor, dipisahkan lagi menjadi beberapa bank, antara lain: Deja a) Bank yang membidangi rural menjadi Bank Rakyat Indonesia dengan UU No. 21 Tahun 1968. b) Bank yang membidangi ekspor impor dengan UU No. 22 Tahun 1968 menjadi Bank Expor Impor Indonesia. 3) Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI 46), di mana bank ini menjalani BNI Unit III dengan UU No. 17 Tahun 1968 berubah menjadi Bank Negara Indonesia 46. Akuntansi dan Keuangan Lembaga

Tolong bantu jawab task 2 saja terimakasih ^^

Task 1 Rend the text carefully and then underline the past form sentences and find out their meaning. The Youth Pledge (Indonesian: Sumpah Pemuda) was a declaration made on October 28, 1928 by young Indonesian nationalists in the second Youth Congress (Indonesian: Kongres Pemuda Kedua). They proclaimed three ideals: one motherland, one nation, and one language. The first Indonesian Youth Congress was held in Batavia, capital of the then-Dutch East Indies in 1926, It produced no formal decisions but did promote the idea of a united Indonesia. In October 1928, the Second Indonesian Youth Congress was held at three different locations. In the first session, the nope was expressed that the congress would inspire the foeling of unity. The second session saw discussions about educational issues, In the third and final session, held at Jalan Kramat Raya No. 106, on October 28" participants heard the future Indonesian national anthern Indonesia Raya by Wage Rudolf Supratman. The congress closed with a reading of the Youth Pledge. In Indonesia, with the original spelling, the pledge reads are: Pertama: Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia, mengakoe bertoempah darah jang satoe, tanah Indonesia. Kedoea: Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia mengakoe berbangsa jang satoe, bangsa Indonesia. Ketiga: Kami poetra dan poetri indonesia mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa Indonesia. (Source: http://www.isyangon.net/2016/11/sumpah-permuda-youth-pledge.html) Task 2 Answer the questions based on the text above. 1. What is the passage about? 2. How many times was the Youth Pledge held? 3. When did the first Indonesian Youth Congress take place? 4. Where did the lirst Indonesian Youth Congress happen? 5. When did the second Indonesian Youth Congress take place? 6. Where did the second Indonesian Youth Congress happen? 7. What is the result of the first Youth Congress? 8. What is the result of the second Youth Congress? 9. Have you read other texts that tell about historical events? 10. What are they (texts about historical event)?

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sent 2... to a Catholic boarding school in Jakarta. I live with my brothers. 3)... eldest brother i your pen pal. I'm a seventh teen-year-old school student from Pangkal Pinang, Indonesia. My pas Physics. I like drawing and calculating very much; I want to be an architect as my brother. At sches How do you do, Bangkit? I'm Frian from University of Technology Bandur Indonesian. .. am fond of doing sports. I really love Basketball. So that's why I join Basketball te movies, especially action movie. Different with my brother, I don't like reading. Someday, Td rel e hometown. I would really ike rd. actgray th hicah hide amD Complete the conversation below Frian 1. a) : Excuse me. do? Bangkit : Yes. I'm Bangkit Senjaya. How do Frian you b) : Bangkit : c) Frian : Nice to meet you, too. Complete the following text by using the suitable pronoun. your 2. It was very interesting to read .. mail about yourself and s are Math "... are supposed to use English at all times, so we have become quite fluent although we al At sco at my school. My favorite basketball player is Lebron James. "... really inspires me. I also like love to come to America to improve "... skills. What about do you want to visit .? you, Best Wishes Abraham Damar 3. Read again the text above to answer the following questions. a. Where does Abraham live? b. What are his hobbies? How many brothers does he have? d. C. What language does he usually use at school? Why does he want to go to America? You invite your friend to your house. Make a conversation to introduce your friend to your patci e. 4. your home. 5. Write a pen pal mail to a foreign friend by using your own words. Score Kapefens Oasar

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5. 6. What is she wearing? How does her look? 7. Source: pxhere.com Spoken Zone Activity 1 Listen to the audio and fill in the blank. Maulidya Laurens Maulidya Laurens is a new student in my class. She (1) from London. Her father, Mr Peter Laurens, is (2) and her mother Mrs Anisa, is Indonesian. Her mother met her father when she studied business in London. They were classmates at (3) college, they got married and lived in London. Last month, they moved to Yogyakarta because her father (4) business there. Her mother also helped him running the business. Maulidya has (5) After they graduated from his Laurens sixteen-year-old girl. hair and blue eyes. She is five foot is a She (6) pin. She is good at maths. She loves calculating. Gado-gado is her favourite food and avocado juice is her (7) drink. She likes helping others. It makes many people love her. Mrs Anisa is an important person in Maulidya's life. Maulidya's passion is making her mother (8) reading books and playing basketball. Her favourite book is about (9) Saturday. The bookstore is her favourite place to go. Her dream is to become an (10) tall. She likes wearing a long skirt and a hair - Maulidya likes She goes to the bookstore every Her idol is Zaha Hadid. PtP SPLASH SMK/MAK Grade X 2.

Tolong banget di jawab yang betul ya🥺🥺😭 Plis jawah dengan betull🥺😭😭

2. Task 4 Practice the dialog below and answer the questions. : Good morning, Mom. How are you today? : Good morning, Anita. I'm fine, thanks. Anita Mrs. Dewi Excuse me, Mom. It is 7 o'clock It's the time for Vou to teach our English class. : Sure. Anita Mrs. Dewi Questions: Who are involved in the dialog above? Answer: 1. When do we probably express "good morning"? Answer: What does the expression "how are you today" mean Indonesian? Answer: 3. How does Anita say to greet her teacher? Answer: 4. 5. How does the teacher respond Anita's greeting? Answer: Exploring